Downloading a file from spring controllers

Question

I have a requirement where I need to download a PDF from the website. The PDF needs to be generated within the code, which I thought would be a combination of freemarker and a PDF generation framework like iText. Any better way?

However, my main problem is how do I allow the user to download a file through a Spring Controller?

Answer 1

@RequestMapping(value = "/files/{file_name}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public void getFile(
    @PathVariable("file_name") String fileName, 
    HttpServletResponse response) {
    try {
      // get your file as InputStream
      InputStream is = ...;
      // copy it to response's OutputStream
      org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils.copy(is, response.getOutputStream());
      response.flushBuffer();
    } catch (IOException ex) {
      log.info("Error writing file to output stream. Filename was '{}'", fileName, ex);
      throw new RuntimeException("IOError writing file to output stream");
    }

}

Generally speaking, when you have response.getOutputStream(), you can write anything there. You can pass this output stream as a place to put generated PDF to your generator. Also, if you know what file type you are sending, you can set

response.setContentType("application/pdf");

Answer 2

I was able to stream line this by using the built in support in Spring with it's ResourceHttpMessageConverter. This will set the content-length and content-type if it can determine the mime-type

@RequestMapping(value = "/files/{file_name}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public FileSystemResource getFile(@PathVariable("file_name") String fileName) {
    return new FileSystemResource(myService.getFileFor(fileName)); 
}

Answer 3

You should be able to write the file on the response directly. Something like

response.setContentType("application/pdf");      
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"somefile.pdf\""); 

and then write the file as a binary stream on response.getOutputStream(). Remember to do response.flush() at the end and that should do it.

Answer 4

With Spring 3.0 you can use the HttpEntity return object. If you use this, then your controller does not need a HttpServletResponse object, and therefore it is easier to test. Except this, this answer is relative equals to the one of Infeligo.

If the return value of your pdf framework is an byte array (read the second part of my answer for other return values) :

@RequestMapping(value = "/files/{fileName}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public HttpEntity<byte[]> createPdf(
                 @PathVariable("fileName") String fileName) throws IOException {

    byte[] documentBody = this.pdfFramework.createPdf(filename);

    HttpHeaders header = new HttpHeaders();
    header.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_PDF);
    header.set(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION,
                   "attachment; filename=" + fileName.replace(" ", "_"));
    header.setContentLength(documentBody.length);

    return new HttpEntity<byte[]>(documentBody, header);
}

---

If the return type of your PDF Framework (documentBbody) is not already a byte array (and also no ByteArrayInputStream) then it would been wise NOT to make it a byte array first. Instead it is better to use:

• InputStreamResource,
• PathResource (since Spring 4.0) or
• FileSystemResource,

example with FileSystemResource:

@RequestMapping(value = "/files/{fileName}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public HttpEntity<byte[]> createPdf(
                 @PathVariable("fileName") String fileName) throws IOException {

    File document = this.pdfFramework.createPdf(filename);

    HttpHeaders header = new HttpHeaders();
    header.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_PDF);
    header.set(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION,
                   "attachment; filename=" + fileName.replace(" ", "_"));
    header.setContentLength(document.length());

    return new HttpEntity<byte[]>(new FileSystemResource(document),
                                  header);
}

Answer 5

If you:

• Don't want to load the whole file into a byte[] before sending to the response;
• Want/need to send/download it via InputStream;
• Want to have full control of the Mime Type and file name sent;
• Have other @ControllerAdvice picking up exceptions for you (or not).

The code below is what you need:

@RequestMapping(value = "/stuff/{stuffId}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity<FileSystemResource> downloadStuff(@PathVariable int stuffId)
                                                                      throws IOException {
    String fullPath = stuffService.figureOutFileNameFor(stuffId);
    File file = new File(fullPath);
    long fileLength = file.length(); // this is ok, but see note below

    HttpHeaders respHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
    respHeaders.setContentType("application/pdf");
    respHeaders.setContentLength(fileLength);
    respHeaders.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", "fileNameIwant.pdf");

    return new ResponseEntity<FileSystemResource>(
        new FileSystemResource(file), respHeaders, HttpStatus.OK
    );
}

More on setContentLength(): First of all, the content-length header is optional per the HTTP 1.1 RFC. Still, if you can provide a value, it is better. To obtain such value, know that File#length() should be good enough in the general case, so it is a safe default choice.
In very specific scenarios, though, it can be slow, in which case you should have it stored previously (e.g. in the DB), not calculated on the fly. Slow scenarios include: if the file is very large, specially if it is on a remote system or something more elaborated like that - a database, maybe.

---

InputStreamResource

If your resource is not a file, e.g. you pick the data up from the DB, you should use InputStreamResource. Example:

InputStreamResource isr = new InputStreamResource(...);
return new ResponseEntity<InputStreamResource>(isr, respHeaders, HttpStatus.OK);

Answer 6

Do

1. Return ResponseEntity<Resource> from a handler method
2. Specify Content-Type
3. Set Content-Disposition if necessary:
   1. filename
   2. type
      1. inline to force preview in a browser
      2. attachment to force a download

Example

@Controller
public class DownloadController {
    @GetMapping("/downloadPdf.pdf")
    // 1.
    public ResponseEntity<Resource> downloadPdf() {
        FileSystemResource resource = new FileSystemResource("/home/caco3/Downloads/JMC_Tutorial.pdf");
        // 2.
        MediaType mediaType = MediaTypeFactory
                .getMediaType(resource)
                .orElse(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(mediaType);
        // 3
        ContentDisposition disposition = ContentDisposition
                // 3.2
                .inline() // or .attachment()
                // 3.1
                .filename(resource.getFilename())
                .build();
        headers.setContentDisposition(disposition);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(resource, headers, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

Explanation

Return ResponseEntity<Resource>

When you return a ResponseEntity<Resource>, the ResourceHttpMessageConverter writes file contents

Examples of Resource implementations:

• ByteArrayResource - based in byte[]
• FileSystemResource - for a File or a Path
• UrlResource - retrieved from java.net.URL
• GridFsResource - a blob stored in MongoDB
• ClassPathResource - for files in classpath, for example files from resources directory. My answer to question "Read file from resources folder in Spring Boot" explains how to locate the resource in classpath in details

Specify Content-Type explicitly:

Reason: see "FileSystemResource is returned with content type json" question

Options:

• Hardcode the header
• Use the MediaTypeFactory from Spring. The MediaTypeFactory maps Resource to MediaType using the /org/springframework/http/mime.types file
• Use a third party library like Apache Tika

Set Content-Disposition if necessary:

About Content-Disposition header:

The first parameter in the HTTP context is either inline (default value, indicating it can be displayed inside the Web page, or as the Web page) or attachment (indicating it should be downloaded; most browsers presenting a 'Save as' dialog, prefilled with the value of the filename parameters if present).

Use ContentDisposition in application:

• To preview a file in a browser:

  ContentDisposition disposition = ContentDisposition
          .inline()
          .filename(resource.getFilename())
          .build();
  

• To force a download:

  ContentDisposition disposition = ContentDisposition
          .attachment()
          .filename(resource.getFilename())
          .build();
  

Use InputStreamResource carefully:

Specify Content-Length using the HttpHeaders#setContentLength method if:

1. The length is known
2. You use InputStreamResource

Reason: Spring won't write Content-Length for InputStreamResource because Spring can't determine the length of the resource. Here is a snippet of code from ResourceHttpMessageConverter:

@Override
protected Long getContentLength(Resource resource, @Nullable MediaType contentType) throws IOException {
    // Don't try to determine contentLength on InputStreamResource - cannot be read afterwards...
    // Note: custom InputStreamResource subclasses could provide a pre-calculated content length!
    if (InputStreamResource.class == resource.getClass()) {
        return null;
    }
    long contentLength = resource.contentLength();
    return (contentLength < 0 ? null : contentLength);
}

In other cases Spring sets the Content-Length:

~ $ curl -I localhost:8080/downloadPdf.pdf  | grep "Content-Length"
Content-Length: 7554270

Answer 7

This code is working fine to download a file automatically from spring controller on clicking a link on jsp.

@RequestMapping(value="/downloadLogFile")
public void getLogFile(HttpSession session,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    try {
        String filePathToBeServed = //complete file name with path;
        File fileToDownload = new File(filePathToBeServed);
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(fileToDownload);
        response.setContentType("application/force-download");
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+fileName+".txt"); 
        IOUtils.copy(inputStream, response.getOutputStream());
        response.flushBuffer();
        inputStream.close();
    } catch (Exception e){
        LOGGER.debug("Request could not be completed at this moment. Please try again.");
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

}

Answer 8

Below code worked for me to generate and download a text file.

@RequestMapping(value = "/download", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> getDownloadData() throws Exception {

    String regData = "Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.";
    byte[] output = regData.getBytes();

    HttpHeaders responseHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
    responseHeaders.set("charset", "utf-8");
    responseHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.valueOf("text/html"));
    responseHeaders.setContentLength(output.length);
    responseHeaders.set("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=filename.txt");

    return new ResponseEntity<byte[]>(output, responseHeaders, HttpStatus.OK);
}

Answer 9

What I can quickly think of is, generate the pdf and store it in webapp/downloads/< RANDOM-FILENAME>.pdf from the code and send a forward to this file using HttpServletRequest

request.getRequestDispatcher("/downloads/<RANDOM-FILENAME>.pdf").forward(request, response);

or if you can configure your view resolver something like,

  <bean id="pdfViewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="viewClass"
              value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
    <property name="order" value=”2″/>
    <property name="prefix" value="/downloads/" />
    <property name="suffix" value=".pdf" />
  </bean>

then just return

return "RANDOM-FILENAME";

Answer 10

The following solution work for me

    @RequestMapping(value="/download")
    public void getLogFile(HttpSession session,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        try {

            String fileName="archivo demo.pdf";
            String filePathToBeServed = "C:\\software\\Tomcat 7.0\\tmpFiles\\";
            File fileToDownload = new File(filePathToBeServed+fileName);

            InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(fileToDownload);
            response.setContentType("application/force-download");
            response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+fileName); 
            IOUtils.copy(inputStream, response.getOutputStream());
            response.flushBuffer();
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception exception){
            System.out.println(exception.getMessage());
        }

    }

Answer 11

something like below

@RequestMapping(value = "/download", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public void getFile(HttpServletResponse response) {
    try {
        DefaultResourceLoader loader = new DefaultResourceLoader();
        InputStream is = loader.getResource("classpath:META-INF/resources/Accepted.pdf").getInputStream();
        IOUtils.copy(is, response.getOutputStream());
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=Accepted.pdf");
        response.flushBuffer();
    } catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException("IOError writing file to output stream");
    }
}

You can display PDF or download it examples here

Answer 12

If it helps anyone. You can do what the accepted answer by Infeligo has suggested but just put this extra bit in the code for a forced download.

response.setContentType("application/force-download");

Answer 13

In my case I'm generating some file on demand, so also url has to be generated.

For me works something like that:

@RequestMapping(value = "/files/{filename:.+}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces = "text/csv")
@ResponseBody
public FileSystemResource getFile(@PathVariable String filename) {
    String path = dataProvider.getFullPath(filename);
    return new FileSystemResource(new File(path));
}

Very important is mime type in produces and also that, that name of the file is a part of the link so you has to use @PathVariable.

HTML code looks like that:

<a th:href="@{|/dbreport/files/${file_name}|}">Download</a>

Where ${file_name} is generated by Thymeleaf in controller and is i.e.: result_20200225.csv, so that whole url behing link is: example.com/aplication/dbreport/files/result_20200225.csv.

After clicking on link browser asks me what to do with file - save or open.

Answer 14

I had to add this to download any file

    response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
    response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
            "attachment;filename="+"file.txt");

all code:

@Controller
public class FileController {

@RequestMapping(value = "/file", method =RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public FileSystemResource getFile(HttpServletResponse response) {

    final File file = new File("file.txt");
    response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
    response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
            "attachment;filename="+"file.txt");
    return new FileSystemResource(file);
 }
}

Answer 15

This can be a useful answer.

Is it ok to export data as pdf format in frontend?

Extending to this, adding content-disposition as an attachment(default) will download the file. If you want to view it, you need to set it to inline.