I have bought a larger SSD for my Windows 10 machine and an external USB enclosure and now I would like to transfer the content of the Windows 10 system disk onto the new SSD and eventually replace the system disk with this new SSD.
Problem: The Samsung Migration tool only prints an unspecific error when cloning the disk. As expected, this Software is unusable, and I also do not feel comfortable cloning the disk of a running Windows 10 system.
How can I do this?
I will only use Linux as I am used to it, if someone has a better way using other tools feel free to add an answer.
You can only clone your boot drive if it is not mounted. For this you will need to create a bootable USB drive with Rufus. You will need either a second M.2/SATA connector in your PC or an external case to connect your new drive while you are copying the data. Note that this process will only work as-is if there is no encryption in place.
Shutdown your computer, boot into the boot menu and select the USB you've just created. You might need to enable legacy boot and the bootmenu in your BIOS settings.
Select the first entry and press enter on Systemrescues boot menu. 
Type "startx", press enter and wait for the GUI to load.
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9.1. We will use dd to write the data from one drive to the other, bit by bit. You need to make absolutely sure that you don't mix up the input and the output drive, as otherwise your data will be overwritten with 0s from your new, empty drive! Make sure you identified your drives in the previous step without any doubt before continuing! If you are using an external enclosure you can disconnect it and run lsblk again, the drive which disappeared is obviously the one you've disconnected.
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb status=progress bs=4M && sync where if is the input device and of is the output device. You will need to use the identifiers for your drives instead of sda and sdb obviously. Wait patiently until the process has finished.
You'll want to run ntfsfix /dev/sdb2 to make sure your filesystem is clean before the next step.
Start parted in terminal and type select /dev/sdb to select your new SSD. Type print to get an overview over your partitions. You'll want to work with the last, probably biggest partition, in my case "2".
resizepart then 2 then `100%. Let parted finish its job. The partition now should take the maximum amount of availible space on the device.
Now type quit
It can be necessary to extend the filesystem on the grown partition in order for windows to recognize the new size correctly. In order to do so, first run ntfsresize -c /dev/sdb2 to check the filesystem, followed by ntfsresize -x /dev/sdb2 to do the actual expanding.
Run ntfsfix /dev/sdb2 again, just to be sure.
You're done at this point.
As a last command type poweroff
Swap your drives and boot windows.
Disclaimer: I don't take any responsibility for user error, data loss or nuclear war after following this guide.
Clonezilla live USB is currently the first thing to try and usually it will work very fluently.
Try to get both hard drives in the computer/laptop. This can be done with many workarounds, like USB cables, PCIe to NVMe adapters, etc.
Download Clonezilla Live iso and burn it to USB with YUMI Multiboot or Rufus (or other similar tool). Boot from it and use direct drive to drive clone. You'll probably won't need a guide, but just in case it's here.
Whole cloning on modern SSD can sometimes take as little as 10 mins.
If you can't have both drives simultaneously plugged - it's only better because situation forces you to create full backup image. If your OS will fail later, everything can be restored from this image without reinstalling OS and applications. Because it will be not just backup, but much better - verified restorable backup.
It will be necessary to get somewhere 3rd temporary drive (usually it's external large 1TB+ USB HDD). Boot with Clonezilla, but in this case do full disk image from old disk to external HDD. Replace old disk with new and try to restore image from external HDD to new disk.
Keep in mind, that no changes should be done to previous disk until new is clearly bootable.
In about 1/3 of modern cases image restoring will be tricky and will require advanced fixing. About 2/3 of attempts will be easy and positive.
Special case which is sometimes possible, but requires superuser skills, is when new disk have capacity lower than previous.
Be sure not to have both copies of a single bootable Windows partition connected to your computer when booting into Windows.
If you roughly know how to use Linux, do:
lsblk to get the names of the disk devices (old and new disk). Look at the sizes.sudo dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=1M status=progressif= is for the input/old/from disk (in file) and of= is for the output/new/to disk (out file).)syncgparted to grow the Windows 10 system partition on the new disk.gparted.gparted.gparted.
If you're not comfortable with using Linux to clone your disk then you can do this entirely with Windows tools, although you may need two additional storage devices.
If you don't already have a bootable DVD or USB stick, you can create one. Run "control" to open the old Control Panel. For a 16GB USB stick, select Recovery, then Create a recovery drive. For a DVD, select Back up and Restore (Windows 7), then Create system repair disc.
From the Control Panel, Back up and Restore (Windows 7), select Create a system image, and back it up to an external hard drive. Then, replace the old internal drive, boot from the DVD or USB stick, and select Repair your computer. This will allow you to restore the system image from the external hard drive.
Note that your partitions are restored to the same size as they were on your old internal drive. If your original system partition is not the last partition on your disk (typically because of a recovery partition), you won't be directly able to enlarge it from Disk Management. If you don't want the recovery partition, you could just delete it, or you could use a third-party tool to relocate it, and then enlarge your system partition.
Used free MiniTool Partition Wizard 11 without any issue to copy the whole ACER Aspire 3 315-58 Windows 11 system SSD to a bigger USB SSD. You can choose to add the extra space to C: or use it e.g. for a separate drive D: After copy, the system SSD was replaced by the bigger SSD and it booted normally.
I found working app 'R-Drive Image' Version 7.2 build 7201. It is 30-day free period trial for windows OS. All features are available in this period:
https://www.drive-image.com/pl/Drive_Image_Download.shtml
I followed point 2.5 of the manual and the whole process went smoothly:
https://www.drive-image.com/downloads/Drive_Image_Manual.pdf
I have disconnected the old disk for now.
