Urogenital System: Kidneys | Urinary Tract Collection System | Mammary Gland | Ovary | Uterus and Cervix | Vagina and Vulva | Gestation | Testes | Prostate
Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands
Neuropathology: Central Nervous System | Neoplasms of the Nervous System | Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord | Peripheral Nervous System | Muscle
Locomotive System: Joints | Bone | Neoplasms of the Cartilage and Bone | Tendon Sheaths, Fasciae, and Connective Tissue
Integument: Skin and Adnexal Structures | Hereditary Skin Diseases | Autoimmune Skin Diseases with Blisters | Non-Heritable Connective Tissue Disorders of the Skin | Microbial Skin Diseases | Neoplasms of the Skin | Cutaneous Symptoms in Internal Diseases
Blood, Bone Marrow, and Immune System: Hämatopoetic System | Lymphatic System | Hematology
Metabolism: Metabolic Disorders
Procedures of Tissue Preparation | Glossary | Resources
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The tissues of the body react dynamically on changes in the environment, on metabolic and mechanical stress as well as on the current internal conditions. By means of the morphologic and etiologic characteristics we can distinguish different forms of adaption.
Hypertrophy: Increase in organ size/tissue mass by increase in cell size.
compensating - e.g. myocardial hypertrophy in hypertonia.
by activity - hypertrophy of the muscles in athletes.
endocrine - e.g. through anabole steroids.
Hyperplasia: Increase in organ size/tissue mass by increase in cell count.
through regeneration - increase in skin thickness of the palms through hard working.
endocrine - e.g. hyperplasia of the adrenal glands in CRH/ACTH-producing tumour.
Atrophy: Decrease in organ size/tissue mass by decrease in cell size and/or in cell count.
Involution - normal atrophy, e.g. thymus in adults, uterus in the older woman.
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