Cheloninae

Cheloninae
	Imago of an unidentified Ascogaster species
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Braconidae
Subfamily:	; Foerster, 1863
Tribes
	Adeliini; Chelonini; Odontosphaeropygini; Phanerotomini

Cheloninae is a cosmopolitan subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps.

Description

Most Cheloninae are small and uniformly colored. They have a characteristic metasomal carapace formed from the fusion of the first three tergites.

Biology

They are solitary koinobionts which parasitize Lepidoptera, especially Pyraloidea and Tortricoidea, but also other taxa whose larvae bore in stems, buds or fruits. Chelonines are egg-larval parasitoids, meaning they oviposit into a host egg, but the wasp larvae do not complete development until the caterpillar has hatched and matured. Chelonines carry polydnaviruses which aid in overcoming their hosts' immune system.^[1]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

The tribe Adeliini previously was thought to belong to the Adeliinae, but is now confirmed to be nested within Cheloninae.^[2]

Genera

Genera placed in Cheloninae include:

Tribe Adeliini

Adelius Haliday, 1834
Carinadelius Ranjith & van Achterberg, 2021^[3]
Paradelius de Saeger, 1942
Sinadelius He and Chen, 2000
Sculptomyriola Belokobylskij, 1988

Tribe Chelonini

Ascogaster Wesmael, 1835 (paraphyletic?)
Austroascogaster Kittel and Austin, 2014
Chelonus Panzer, 1806
†Diodontogaster Brues, 1933
†Eobracon Cockerell, 1920
Leptodrepana Shaw, 1990
Megascogaster Baker, 1926

Tribe Odontosphaeropygini

Odontosphaeropyx Cameron, 1910

Tribe Phanerotomini

Dentigaster Zettel, 1990
Huseyinia Koçak and Kemal, 2008
Leptochelonus Zettel, 1990
Phanaustrotoma Kittel and Austin, 2014
Phanerotoma Wesmael, 1838
Phanerotomella Szépligeti, 1900
Phanerotomoides Zettel, 1990
Pseudophanerotoma Zettel, 1990
Siniphanerotomella He et al., 1994
Wushenia Zettel, 1990

References

^ Murphy, Nicholas; Banks, Jonathan C.; Whitfield, James B.; Austin, Andrew D. (2008-04-01). "Phylogeny of the parasitic microgastroid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on sequence data from seven genes, with an improved time estimate of the origin of the lineage". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (1): 378–395. Bibcode:2008MolPE..47..378M. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.022. PMID 18325792.
^ Kittel, R.N.; Austin, A.D.; Klopfstein, S. (2016). "Molecular and morphological phylogenetics of chelonine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a critical assessment of divergence time estimations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 101: 224–241. Bibcode:2016MolPE.101..224K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.016. PMID 27179700.
^ Ranjith, A.P.; van Achterberg, Cornelis; Samartsev, Konstantin G.; Nasser, M. (2021). "Discovery of the chelonine tribe Adeliini Viereck, 1918 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Indian subcontinent with the description of a new genus from south India". Zootaxa. 4926 (1): 1–25. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.1.

External links

photos on BugGuide.net

[1] Murphy, Nicholas; Banks, Jonathan C.; Whitfield, James B.; Austin, Andrew D. (2008-04-01). "Phylogeny of the parasitic microgastroid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on sequence data from seven genes, with an improved time estimate of the origin of the lineage". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (1): 378–395. Bibcode:2008MolPE..47..378M. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.022. PMID 18325792.

[2] Kittel, R.N.; Austin, A.D.; Klopfstein, S. (2016). "Molecular and morphological phylogenetics of chelonine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a critical assessment of divergence time estimations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 101: 224–241. Bibcode:2016MolPE.101..224K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.016. PMID 27179700.

[Ranjith2021-3] Ranjith, A.P.; van Achterberg, Cornelis; Samartsev, Konstantin G.; Nasser, M. (2021). "Discovery of the chelonine tribe Adeliini Viereck, 1918 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Indian subcontinent with the description of a new genus from south India". Zootaxa. 4926 (1): 1–25. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.1.

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