Betula nigra

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Fagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Fagales

Betula nigra L., Sp. Pl. 2: 982 (1753).

Protologue locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada."
Lectotype (designated by Reveal in Jarvis 2007: 349): Herb. Linn. No. 1109.7 (LINN).

Heterotypic
- Betula americana Buc'hoz, Herb. Color. Amérique: t. CIX (1783), nom. nud.
- Betula lanulosa Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 181 (1803).
- Betula rubra F.Michx., Hist. Arbr. Forest. 2: 143 (1811).
- Betula rupestris Raf., W. Rev. & Misc. Mag. 1: 228 (1819).
- Betula nigra pendula Paul, Handb. Villa Gard.: 107 (1855), nom. nud.
- Betula nigra var. parvifolia Regel, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 120 (1861).

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.

Ashburner, K. & McAllister, H.A. 2013. The genus Betula: A taxonomic revision of birches (A Botanical Magazine Monograph). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 431 pp., ISBN 978-1-84246-141-9. Reference page.
Stritch, L., 2014. Betula nigra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. IUCN Red List Category: (Least Concern). DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194551A2348770.en. Reference page.
Wang. N., McAllister, H.A., Bartlett, P.R. & Buggs, R.J.A. 2016. Molecular phylogeny and genome size evolution of the genus Betula (Betulaceae). Annals of Botany 117(6): 1023–1035. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw048 Reference page.
Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, p. 349. Reference page.

Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Betula nigra in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Jul 20. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2025. Betula nigra. Published online. Accessed: 20 Jul 2025. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Betula nigra. Accessed: Jul 20 2025.