Helleborus orientalis

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Ranunculales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Ordo: Ranunculales

Helleborus orientalis Lam., Encycl. 3: 96 (1789).

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark (casual), Great Britain (naturalised), Ireland (casual), Sweden (casual)
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria (alien), Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, casual), Germany (naturalised), Switzerland (alien).
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia (Croatia, alien)
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Gruziya)
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Turkey.
Continental: Australasia
- Regional: New Zealand
  - Chatham Islands (introduced)
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - District of Columbia (introduced).

Lamarck, J.-B. 1789–1792 [1789]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique. Tome 3. viii + 759 pp. Panckoucke, Paris; Plomteux, Liége. BHL Reference page.

Davis, P.H. (ed.) 1965. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1 (Pteridophyta to Polygalaceae). 567 pp., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Internet Archive, Lending Library Reference page.
Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.) 1993. Flora Europaea. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. 2nd edition, xlvi + 581 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) / New York / Melbourne, ISBN 0-521-41007-X. Reference page.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, Th., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013. Vascular Plants of Greece: An Annotated Checklist. Englera 31: 1–368. JSTOR PDF Reference page.
Hassler, M. & Muer, T. 2022. Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild. 2 vols., 1712 pp., Verlag Regionalkultur (Ubstadt-Weiher). ISBN 978-3-95505-333-8 Reference page.

Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Helleborus orientalis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Mar 29. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2025. Helleborus orientalis. Published online. Accessed: 29 Mar 2025. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Helleborus orientalis. Accessed: 29 Mar 2025.
Hassler, M. 2025. Helleborus orientalis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2025. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Mar 29. Reference page.