Opiliones

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Kingdom: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo:
Subordines: Cyphophthalmi – Dyspnoi – Eupnoi – Laniatores – †Tetrophthalmi
Opiliones incertae sedis: †Devonopilio

Opiliones Sundevall, 1833

• Sundevall, C.J. 1833. Conspectus Arachnidum. C.F. Berling, Londini Gothorum [Lund, (Sweden)] pp. 1–39. Online. Reference page. 

• de Ázara, L.N., Bernardi, L.F. de O. & Ferreira, R.L. 2016. The first survey on harvestmen in Brazilian artificial cavities, with notes on distribution and natural history. Subterranean Biology, 17: 31–53. DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.17.6762 Reference page. 
• Coronato-Ribeiro, A., Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Rheims, C.A., 2013. Catalogue of Opiliones (Arachnida) types deposited in the Arachnida and Myriapoda collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. Zootaxa 3637(5): 501–520. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.5.1 Reference page. 
• Dunlop, J.A.; Mitov, P.G. 2009: Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber. In: Stoev, P.; Dunlop, J.; Lazarov, S. (eds) A life caught in a spider's web. Papers in arachnology in honour of Christo Deltshev. ZooKeys, 16: 347–375. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.16.224
• Giribet, G.; Rambla, M.; Carranza, S.; Baguñà, J.; Riutort, M.; Ribera, C. 1999: Phylogeny of the arachnid order Opiliones (Arthropoda) inferred from a combined approach of complete 18S and partial 28S ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 11: 296–307.
• Giribet, G.; Vogt, L.; González, A.P.; Sharma, P.; Kury, A.B. (in press): A multilocus approach to harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) phylogeny with emphasis on biogeography and the systematics of Laniatores. Cladistics, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00296.x
• González-Sponga, M.Á. 1987. Arácnidos de Venezuela. Opiliones Laniatores I. Familias Phalangodidae y Agoristenidae. Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales. XXIII. Caracas, Venezuela. 562 pp. ISBN 980-265-653-4 PDF Reference page. 
• González Sponga, M.Á. 1992. Arácnidos de Venezuela. Opiliones Laniatores II. Familia Cosmetidae. Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, XXVI. 432 pp. Caracas - Venezuela. ISBN 980-6195-01-9. PDF. Reference page. 
• Kury, A.B. 2011. Order Opiliones Sundevall, 1833. Pp 112-114 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. . Full article (PDF) Reference page. 
• Kury, A.B. 2012. A synopsis of catalogs and checklists of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zootaxa 3184: 35–58. Preview . Reference page. 
• Kury, A.B. 2013. Order Opiliones Sundevall, 1833. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2013. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa 3703(1): 27–33. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.7 . Reference page. 
• Kury, A.B. 2015. Opiliones are no longer the same—on suprafamilial groups in harvestmen (Arthropoda: Arachnida). Zootaxa 3925(3): 301–340. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.3.1 Reference page. 
• Kury, A.B., Mendes, A.C., Cardoso, L., Kury, M.S., Granado, A.A., Yodere, M. & Kury, I.S. 2021. WCO-Lite version 1.1: an online nomenclatural catalogue of harvestmen of the world (Arachnida, Opiliones) curated in TaxonWorks. Zootaxa 4908(2): 447–450. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.2.10 full article pdf Reference page. 
• Kury, A.B., Mendes, A.C. & Souza, D.R. 2014. World Checklist of Opiliones species (Arachnida). Part 1: Laniatores – Travunioidea and Triaenonychoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4094. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e4094 . Reference page. 
• Kury, A.B., Souza, D.R. & Pérez-González, A. 2015. World Checklist of Opiliones species (Arachnida). Part 2: Laniatores – Samooidea, Zalmoxoidea and Grassatores incertae sedis. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6482. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e6482 . Reference page. 
• Litavský, J., Stašiov, S., Mihál, I. & Šalkovič, M. 2025. An annotated checklist and the first Red List of harvestmen (Opiliones) of Slovakia. ZooKeys 1230: 1–24. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1230.134516 Reference page. 
• Merino-Sáinz, I., Anadón, A. & Torralba-Burrial, A. 2013. Harvestmen of the BOS Arthropod Collection of the University of Oviedo (Spain) (Arachnida, Opiliones). ZooKeys 341: 21–36. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.341.6130 Reference page. 
• do Monte, B.G.O., Gallão, J.E., von Schimonsky, D.M. & Bichuette, M.E. 2015. New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260. Reference page. 
• Pérez-González, A. & Schultz, J.W. 2021. On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida). Zootaxa 4915(2): 294–298. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.2.10 Reference page. 
• Pinto-da-Rocha, R.; Machado, G.; Giribet, G. (eds.) 2007: Harvestmen: the biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02343-7 ISBN 0-674-02343-9
• Saturnino, R., Tourinho, A.L., Azevedo, C.S., Baptista, R.L.C. & Magalhães, C. 2009. Catalogue of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. V. Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones and Scorpiones. Zootaxa 2247: 51–67. Abstract & excerpt (PDF). Reference page. 
• Savory, T.H. 1944. Synopses of the British fauna – No. 1 Opiliones. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 155(2), 81–92. [2nd edition, pp. 1–19, figs. 1–16]. PDF Reference page. 
• Savory, T.H. 1979. Opiliones in oblivion. Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society 24: 8–9. PDF Reference page. 
• Shear, W.A. 2016. New Canadian records of Nemastoma bimaculatum (Fabricius), and a brief summary of introduced Eurasian harvestmen in North America (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zootaxa 4088(1): 139–140. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.1.7. Full article (PDF)Reference page. 
• Shear, W.A. & Warfel, J.G. 2016. The harvestman genus Taracus Simon 1879, and the new genus Oskoron (Opiliones: Ischyropsalidoidea: Taracidae). Zootaxa 4180(1): 1–71. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4180.1.1. Reference page. 
• Shoemaker, A.K., Burns, M. & Boyer, S.L. 2017. New records of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Minnesota, USA. Zootaxa 4273(2): 279–286. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4273.2.8. Reference page. 
• Shultz, J.W. 2019. Opiliones of Canada. Pp 57–65 In Langor, D.W. & Sheffield, C.S. (eds.). The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 520 pp. Reference page. . DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.819.24327 Reference page. 

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