Picea orientalis

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Picea
Species:

Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm., Das Pflanzenreich: 235 (1844).

• Basionym
  • Pinus orientalis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1421 (1763).
• Homotypic
  • Abies orientalis (L.) Poir., in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 518 (1804).
• Heterotypic
  • Picea withmanniana Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 260 1855.
  • Picea orientalis var. aurea Ed.Otto, Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 29: 202 (1873).
  • Picea wittmanniana Fisch. ex Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2: 15 (1875).
  • Picea orientalis var. nana Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 63: 120 (1891).
  • Abies wittmanniana Voss, Vilm., Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 1241 (1895).
  • Picea orientalis f. aurea (Otto) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 39 (1897).
  • Picea orientalis f. aureospicata Beissn., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 15: 98 (1906 publ. 1907).
  • Picea orientalis f. atrovirens Schelle, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 29: 42 (1920).
  • Picea orientalis f. nutans Schelle, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 29: 42 (1920).
  • Picea orientalis f. nana (Carrière) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 24 (1949).

Native distribution areas:
Asia-Temperate Caucasus North Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkariya, Karacheyevo-Cherkessiya, Severo-Osetiya), Transcaucasus (Armenia, Gruziya). Western Asia Turkey (Artvin, Giresun, Gümüşhane, Ordu, Rize, Trabzon). References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

• Komarov, V.L. 1934. Picea orientalis. Pp. 116 in Komarov, V.L. & Iljin, M.M. (eds.), Flora URSS (Flora Unionis Rerumpublicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum) I. [Archegoniatae and Embryophyta] [in Russian]. 299 pp., Academia Scientiarum URSS, Mosqua, Leningrad. DJVU. English translation: 240 pp. [1] Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2001. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. 2. ed., 309 pp. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-025-0 Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page. 
• Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul. ISBN 978-605-60425-7-7. Online edition. Reference page. 

• Farjon, A. 2013. Picea orientalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42332A2973275.en.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Picea orientalis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 20. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Picea orientalis. Published online. Accessed: March 20 2023. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Picea orientalis. Accessed: 20 March 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. Picea orientalis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 20. Reference page. 

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