Pinus balfouriana

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: P. subg. Strobus
Sectio: P. sect. Parrya
Subsectio: P. subsect. Balfourianae
Species:
Subspecies: P. b. subsp. balfouriana – P. b. subsp. austrina

Pinus balfouriana Balf. in A. Murray, Bot. Exped. Oregon 8: 1 (1853).

• Heterotypic
  • Pinus balfouriana subsp. austrina R.J.Mastrog. & J.D.Mastrog., Syst. Bot. 5: 102 (1980).
  • Pinus balfouriana var. austrina (R.J.Mastrog. & J.D.Mastrog.) Silba, Phytologia Mem. 7: 48 (1984).

Subspecies not accepted by Govaerts et al. (2023) based upon Farjon, but Businsky (2008) and most of the other references accept the subspecies.

• Murray, A. 1853. Botanical Expedition to Oregon 8: 1, plate

• Kral, R. 1993. Pinus. Pp. 373-398 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, XVI, 475 pp. ISBN 0-19-508242-7. efloras FNA Website Internet Archive, Lending Library Reference page. 
• Businský, R. 2008. The genus Pinus L., pines: contribution to knowledge. A monograph with cone drawings of all species of the world by Ludmila Businská. Acta Pruhoniciana 88: 1–126. PDF (Text) Photos 1–32 Photos 33–42 Figures 1–73Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2001. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. 2. ed., 309 pp. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-025-0 Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page. 

• Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus balfouriana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. IUCN Red List Category: Near Threatened . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42345A2974187.en.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Pinus balfouriana in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 4. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Pinus balfouriana. Published online. Accessed: March 4 2023. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Pinus balfouriana. Accessed: 4 March 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. Pinus balfouriana. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 4. Reference page. 
• Calflora
• RBGE Threatened Conifers,
• Gymnosperm Database
• iNaturalist
• Lanner's Conifers of California

For more multimedia, look at Pinus balfouriana on Wikimedia Commons.