Rhinella marina

Familia: Bufonidae
Genus: Rhinella
Species:

• Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Type locality: Surinam
  • Holotype: By indication; including specimen illustrated in Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: pl. 76, fig. 1.
  • Original combination: Rana marina
  • Combination: Bufo marinus — Schneider, 1799

The recognition of Rhinella as a genus distinct from Bufo is highly controversial, and has not been accepted by many herpetologists working with this group. Pauly et al. (2004) discuss the phylogenetic relationships of species in this group, and retain the species within Bufo. Retained in Bufo, this species is properly Bufo marinus.

• Bufo brasiliensis Laurenti, 1768
• Rana gigas Wallbaum, 1784
• Rana humeris-armata Lacépède, 1788
• Bufo agua Latreille in Sonnini de Manoncourt & Latreille, 1801
• Rana brasiliana Shaw, 1802
• Bufo horridus Daudin, 1802
• Bufo humeralis Daudin, 1803
• Bombinator maculatus Merrem, 1820
• Rana maxima Merrem, 1820
• Bufo maculiventris Spix, 1824
• Bufo lazarus Spix, 1824
• Bufo albicans Spix, 1824
• Docidophryne agua — Fitzinger, 1843
• Bufo pithecodactylus Werner, 1899
• Bufo angustipes Taylor & Smith, 1945
• Bufo pythecodactylus — Rivero, 1961
• Rhinella marinus — Pramuk, Robertson, Sites & Noonan, 2008

• Acevedo, A.A., Lampo, M. & Cipriani, R. 2016. The cane or marine toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): two genetically and morphologically distinct species. Zootaxa 4103(6): 574–586. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.6.7. Reference page. 
• Barcelos, L.A. & Verdade, V.K. 2020. Reassessment of a fossil specimen of Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anura: Bufonidae), from Early Pleistocene of Bolivia. Zootaxa 4830(2): 392–400. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4830.2.10 Reference page. 
• Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp  DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 211. Reference page. 
• Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C, Cannatella. (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
• Pramuk, J.B., Robertson, T., Sites, J.W.Jr. & Noonan, B.P. 2008. Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Global Ecology and Biogeography 17: 72–83. DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00348.x Reference page. 
• Valencia-Zuleta, A., Caramaschi, U. & Maciel, N.M. 2018. On the taxonomic status of Bufo brasiliensis Laurenti, 1768. Zootaxa 4392(3): 598–600. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.10 Reference page. 

• Frost, D.R. 2021. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. DOI: 10.5531/db.vz.0001 Rhinella marina . Accessed on 08 Apr 2008.
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre IUCN: Rhinella marina  (Least Concern) (as Bufo marinus)