Torpediniformes

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Kingdom: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Classis: Chondrichthyes
Subclassis: Elasmobranchii
Superordo: Rajomorphii
Ordo:
Familiae: Hypnidae - Narcinidae - Narkidae - Torpedinidae

• Compagno, L.J.V. & Heemstra, P.C. (2007): Electrolux addisoni, a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy. Smithiana Bulletin, 7: 15–49.
• Gaitán-Espitia, J.D., Solano-Iguaran, J.J., Tejada-Martinez, D. & Quintero-Galvis, J.F. 2016. Mitogenomics of electric rays: evolutionary considerations within Torpediniformes (Batoidea; Chondrichthyes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 178(2): 257–266. DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12417 Reference page. 

• Torpediniformes in FishBase,
  Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2025. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.

For more multimedia, look at Torpediniformes on Wikimedia Commons.