áel

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ael"

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish áel, perhaps from the same source as Proto-Germanic *ēlō (“awl”).[1] See also Sanskrit आरा (ārā, “shoemaker's knife”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (earlier) /ɤːl/, (later) /ɯːl/

Noun

áel m

  1. trident
  2. meatfork, flesh-fork
    • c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 13:
      In fer no·t⟨h⟩ēged iarsint ṡligi do·bered in n-aēl isin coiri, ocus a·taibred din chētgabāil, iss ed no·ithed.
      Each man who came along the passage would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he got at the first taking, it was that which he ate. (literally, “The man who…”)

Descendants

  • Irish: adhal
  • Manx: aall
  • Scottish Gaelic: adhal

Mutation

Mutation of áel
radical lenition nasalization
áel
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged n-áel

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “áel”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎[1], Stirling, →ISBN

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈaːi̯l]

Noun

áel m

  1. (geology, chemistry) lime (mineral), chalk
Inflection
Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative áel áelL aílL
vocative aíl áelL áeluH
accusative áelN áelL áeluH
genitive aílL áel áelN
dative áelL áelaib áelaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Synonyms
Descendants
  • Middle Irish: áel
    • Irish: aol
    • Manx: eayl
    • Scottish Gaelic: aol

Etymology 2

Matasović reconstructs a Proto-Celtic *ausetlom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“to scoop”),[1] but he does not explain how this word fails to leave any trace of au- or ó, the normal reflexes of Proto-Celtic *au- in Old Irish.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈaː.əl/, [ˈaː.el]

Noun

áel n

  1. meat fork
Inflection
Neuter o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative áelN áelN áelL, áela
vocative áelN áelN áelL, áela
accusative áelN áelN áelL, áela
genitive áïlL áel áelN
dative aíulL áelaib áelaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of áel
radical lenition nasalization
áel
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)		 áel n-áel

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*awsetlo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 48

Further reading

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