îuká

See also: Iuka

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juka.^[1] By surface analysis, îura (“neck”) +‎ ká (“to break”).^[2]

Cognate with Guaraní juka.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /juˈka/
Rhymes: -a
Hyphenation: îu‧ká

Noun

îuká (possessable)

verbal noun of îuká

Verb

îuká (first-person singular active indicative aîuká, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîukáî, noun îuká) (transitive)

to kill
- 1622, anonymous author, “Matar como quer”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 33; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
  Aporojucâ.
  [Aporoîuká.]
  I kill people.
to break
Synonym: ká
- 1557, Hans Staden, chapter XXVI, in Warhaftige Hiſtoria [True History], volume 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:
  De kange Juca eypota kurine […]
  [Nde akanga îuká aîpotá korine […] ]
  I'll want to break your head today.

Conjugation

Conjugation of îuká (transitive, Î-starting, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Deverbals
Causative	îukaukar
Causative-comitative	eroîuká
Reflexive	îeîuká
-ba'e	oîukaba'e
emi-	emiîuká / miîuká
-pyr(a)	i îukapyra
-sab(a)	îukasaba
-sar(a)	îukasara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person exclusive	1^st person inclusive	2^nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîuká	ereîuká	oîuká	oroîuká	îaîuká	peîuká
Permissive	t'aîuká	t'ereîuká	t'oîuká	t'oroîuká	t'îaîuká	ta peîuká
Imperative		eîuká				peîuká
Negative indicative	n'aîukáî	n'ereîukáî	n'oîukáî	n'oroîukáî	n'îaîukáî	na peîukáî
Negative permissive	t'aîuká umẽ	t'ereîuká umẽ	t'oîuká umẽ	t'oroîuká umẽ	t'îaîuká umẽ	ta peîuká umẽ
Negative imperative		eîuká umẽ				peîuká umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	îuká
Negative	îukae'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	xe îukábo	nde îukábo	i îukábo	oré îukábo	îandé îukábo	pe îukábo
Negative	xe îukae'yma	nde îukae'yma	i îukae'yma	oré îukae'yma	îandé îukae'yma	pe îukae'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe îukáû		i îukáû	oré îukáû	îandé îukáû
Negative	xe îukae'ymi		i îukae'ymi	oré îukae'ymi	îandé îukae'ymi

Derived terms

emiîuká
i îukapyra
îukasara
îukaíb
îukába
îukásaba

Descendants

Nheengatu: iuká
→ Portuguese: jucá

References

^ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (17 March 2000) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC, page 168, line 3
^ Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “îuká”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 197, column 2

[1] Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (17 March 2000) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC, page 168, line 3

[2] Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “îuká”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 197, column 2

[1]

[2]