þjófr

Old Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Norse *ᚦᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (*þeubaʀ) (attested in ᛗᚨᚱᛁᚦᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (mariþeubaʀ)), from Proto-Germanic *þeubaz.

Pronunciation

  • (9th century West Norse) IPA(key): /θe͜oːβɹ̝/
  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /θjoːvr̩/

Noun

þjófr m (genitive þjófs, plural þjófar)

  1. thief

Declension

Declension of þjófr (strong a-stem)
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative þjófr þjófrinn þjófar þjófarnir
accusative þjóf þjófinn þjófa þjófana
dative þjófi þjófinum þjófum þjófunum
genitive þjófs þjófsins þjófa þjófanna

Derived terms

  • þjófa (“to call one a thief”)
  • þjóflaun f (“thievish concealment of a thing”)
  • þjófligr (“thievish”)
  • þjófnaðr m (“theft”)
  • þjófsaugu n pl (“thief's eyes”)
  • þjófskapr m (“theft”)
  • þjófsnafn n (“the name of a thief”)
  • þjófsnara n (“thief's halter”)
  • þjófsnautr m (“a partaker with thieves”)
  • þjófstolinn (“stolen (by a thief / thieves)”)
  • þjófsǫk f (“a charge or accusation of theft”)

Descendants

  • Icelandic: þjófur
  • Faroese: tjóvur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tjov, tjuv; (dialectal) tjóv’e, tju, tjyv
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: tjuv
  • Elfdalian: tjuov
  • Old Swedish: þiūver
  • Old Danish: thiūf, (Scanian) þiufær
    • Danish: tyv
      • Norwegian Bokmål: tyv
    • Scanian: tjúv
  • Old Gutnish: þiaufr
    • Gutnish: töiv

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “þjófr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 513; also available at the Internet Archive
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