See also: Appendix:Variations of "sm"
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Proper noun
m
- Upper Egypt (an ancient kingdom and region of the Empire of Egypt)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šmꜥ
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Traditionally considered a shortening of jt-šmꜥ (“Upper Egyptian barley”). Allen instead suggests that the word is a nominalized nisba adjective formed from šmꜥ (“thin”) + -(j) (nisba ending), referring to barley with fewer grains than jt-mḥ (“full barley”).
Noun
m
- barley of some kind; see the etymology section above for discussion
Etymology 3
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to chant, to sing
Inflection
Conjugation of šmꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šmꜥ, geminated stem: šmꜥꜥ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
šmꜥ
|
šmꜥw, šmꜥ
|
šmꜥt
|
šmꜥ
|
šmꜥ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
šmꜥ
|
ḥr šmꜥ
|
m šmꜥ
|
r šmꜥ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
šmꜥ.n
|
consecutive
|
šmꜥ.jn
|
| terminative
|
šmꜥt
|
| perfective3
|
šmꜥ
|
obligative1
|
šmꜥ.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
šmꜥ
|
| prospective3
|
šmꜥ
|
potentialis1
|
šmꜥ.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
šmꜥ
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
šmꜥ.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
šmꜥ
|
šmꜥ
|
šmꜥ, šmꜥw5, šmꜥy5
|
| imperfective
|
šmꜥ, šmꜥy, šmꜥw5
|
šmꜥ, šmꜥj6, šmꜥy6
|
šmꜥ, šmꜥw5
|
| prospective
|
šmꜥ, šmꜥtj7
|
šmꜥtj4, šmꜥt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Derived terms
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 253.