αἰσχύνω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From αἰσχῡ́νη (aiskhū́nē) + -ῡ́νω (-ū́nō).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ai̯s.kʰy̌ː.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɛsˈkʰy.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɛsˈçy.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /esˈçy.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /esˈçi.no/
Verb
αἰσχῡ́νω • (aiskhū́nō)
Conjugation
Present: αἰσχῡ́νω, αἰσχῡ́νομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | αἰσχῡ́νω | αἰσχῡ́νεις | αἰσχῡ́νει | αἰσχῡ́νετον | αἰσχῡ́νετον | αἰσχῡ́νομεν | αἰσχῡ́νετε | αἰσχῡ́νουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσχῡ́νω | αἰσχῡ́νῃς | αἰσχῡ́νῃ | αἰσχῡ́νητον | αἰσχῡ́νητον | αἰσχῡ́νωμεν | αἰσχῡ́νητε | αἰσχῡ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | αἰσχῡ́νοιμῐ | αἰσχῡ́νοις | αἰσχῡ́νοι | αἰσχῡ́νοιτον | αἰσχῡνοίτην | αἰσχῡ́νοιμεν | αἰσχῡ́νοιτε | αἰσχῡ́νοιεν | |||||
| imperative | αἴσχῡνε | αἰσχῡνέτω | αἰσχῡ́νετον | αἰσχῡνέτων | αἰσχῡ́νετε | αἰσχῡνόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | αἰσχῡ́νομαι | αἰσχῡ́νῃ / αἰσχῡ́νει | αἰσχῡ́νεται | αἰσχῡ́νεσθον | αἰσχῡ́νεσθον | αἰσχῡνόμεθᾰ | αἰσχῡ́νεσθε | αἰσχῡ́νονται | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσχῡ́νωμαι | αἰσχῡ́νῃ | αἰσχῡ́νηται | αἰσχῡ́νησθον | αἰσχῡ́νησθον | αἰσχῡνώμεθᾰ | αἰσχῡ́νησθε | αἰσχῡ́νωνται | |||||
| optative | αἰσχῡνοίμην | αἰσχῡ́νοιο | αἰσχῡ́νοιτο | αἰσχῡ́νοισθον | αἰσχῡνοίσθην | αἰσχῡνοίμεθᾰ | αἰσχῡ́νοισθε | αἰσχῡ́νοιντο | |||||
| imperative | αἰσχῡ́νου | αἰσχῡνέσθω | αἰσχῡ́νεσθον | αἰσχῡνέσθων | αἰσχῡ́νεσθε | αἰσχῡνέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσχῡ́νειν | αἰσχῡ́νεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσχῡ́νων | αἰσχῡνόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | αἰσχῡ́νουσᾰ | αἰσχῡνομένη | |||||||||||
| n | αἰσχῦνον | αἰσχῡνόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ᾔσχῡνον, ᾐσχῡνόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾔσχῡνον | ᾔσχῡνες | ᾔσχῡνε(ν) | ᾐσχῡ́νετον | ᾐσχῡνέτην | ᾐσχῡ́νομεν | ᾐσχῡ́νετε | ᾔσχῡνον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾐσχῡνόμην | ᾐσχῡ́νου | ᾐσχῡ́νετο | ᾐσχῡ́νεσθον | ᾐσχῡνέσθην | ᾐσχῡνόμεθᾰ | ᾐσχῡ́νεσθε | ᾐσχῡ́νοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: αἰσχῠνέω, αἰσχῠνέομαι, αἰσχῠνθήσομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | αἰσχῠνέω | αἰσχῠνέεις | αἰσχῠνέει | αἰσχῠνέετον | αἰσχῠνέετον | αἰσχῠνέομεν | αἰσχῠνέετε | αἰσχῠνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | αἰσχῠνέοιμῐ | αἰσχῠνέοις | αἰσχῠνέοι | αἰσχῠνέοιτον | αἰσχῠνεοίτην | αἰσχῠνέοιμεν | αἰσχῠνέοιτε | αἰσχῠνέοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | αἰσχῠνέομαι | αἰσχῠνέῃ / αἰσχῠνέει | αἰσχῠνέεται | αἰσχῠνέεσθον | αἰσχῠνέεσθον | αἰσχῠνεόμεθᾰ | αἰσχῠνέεσθε | αἰσχῠνέονται | ||||
| optative | αἰσχῠνεοίμην | αἰσχῠνέοιο | αἰσχῠνέοιτο | αἰσχῠνέοισθον | αἰσχῠνεοίσθην | αἰσχῠνεοίμεθᾰ | αἰσχῠνέοισθε | αἰσχῠνέοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | αἰσχῠνθήσομαι | αἰσχῠνθήσῃ | αἰσχῠνθήσεται | αἰσχῠνθήσεσθον | αἰσχῠνθήσεσθον | αἰσχῠνθησόμεθᾰ | αἰσχῠνθήσεσθε | αἰσχῠνθήσονται | ||||
| optative | αἰσχῠνθησοίμην | αἰσχῠνθήσοιο | αἰσχῠνθήσοιτο | αἰσχῠνθήσοισθον | αἰσχῠνθησοίσθην | αἰσχῠνθησοίμεθᾰ | αἰσχῠνθήσοισθε | αἰσχῠνθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσχῠνέειν | αἰσχῠνέεσθαι | αἰσχῠνθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσχῠνέων | αἰσχῠνεόμενος | αἰσχῠνθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | αἰσχῠνέουσᾰ | αἰσχῠνεομένη | αἰσχῠνθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | αἰσχῠνέον | αἰσχῠνεόμενον | αἰσχῠνθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: αἰσχῠνῶ, αἰσχῠνοῦμαι, αἰσχῠνθήσομαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | αἰσχῠνῶ | αἰσχῠνεῖς | αἰσχῠνεῖ | αἰσχῠνεῖτον | αἰσχῠνεῖτον | αἰσχῠνοῦμεν | αἰσχῠνεῖτε | αἰσχῠνοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | αἰσχῠνοίην / αἰσχῠνοῖμῐ | αἰσχῠνοίης / αἰσχῠνοῖς | αἰσχῠνοίη / αἰσχῠνοῖ | αἰσχῠνοῖτον / αἰσχῠνοίητον | αἰσχῠνοίτην / αἰσχῠνοιήτην | αἰσχῠνοῖμεν / αἰσχῠνοίημεν | αἰσχῠνοῖτε / αἰσχῠνοίητε | αἰσχῠνοῖεν / αἰσχῠνοίησᾰν | |||||
| middle | indicative | αἰσχῠνοῦμαι | αἰσχῠνῇ | αἰσχῠνεῖται | αἰσχῠνεῖσθον | αἰσχῠνεῖσθον | αἰσχῠνούμεθᾰ | αἰσχῠνεῖσθε | αἰσχῠνοῦνται | ||||
| optative | αἰσχῠνοίμην | αἰσχῠνοῖο | αἰσχῠνοῖτο | αἰσχῠνοῖσθον | αἰσχῠνοίσθην | αἰσχῠνοίμεθᾰ | αἰσχῠνοῖσθε | αἰσχῠνοῖντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | αἰσχῠνθήσομαι | αἰσχῠνθήσῃ | αἰσχῠνθήσεται | αἰσχῠνθήσεσθον | αἰσχῠνθήσεσθον | αἰσχῠνθησόμεθᾰ | αἰσχῠνθήσεσθε | αἰσχῠνθήσονται | ||||
| optative | αἰσχῠνθησοίμην | αἰσχῠνθήσοιο | αἰσχῠνθήσοιτο | αἰσχῠνθήσοισθον | αἰσχῠνθησοίσθην | αἰσχῠνθησοίμεθᾰ | αἰσχῠνθήσοισθε | αἰσχῠνθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσχῠνεῖν | αἰσχῠνεῖσθαι | αἰσχῠνθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσχῠνῶν | αἰσχῠνούμενος | αἰσχῠνθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | αἰσχῠνοῦσᾰ | αἰσχῠνουμένη | αἰσχῠνθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | αἰσχῠνοῦν | αἰσχῠνούμενον | αἰσχῠνθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ᾔσχῡνᾰ, ᾐσχῡνᾰ́μην, ᾐσχῡ́νθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾔσχῡνᾰ | ᾔσχῡνᾰς | ᾔσχῡνε(ν) | ᾐσχῡ́νᾰτον | ᾐσχῡνᾰ́την | ᾐσχῡ́νᾰμεν | ᾐσχῡ́νᾰτε | ᾔσχῡνᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσχῡ́νω | αἰσχῡ́νῃς | αἰσχῡ́νῃ | αἰσχῡ́νητον | αἰσχῡ́νητον | αἰσχῡ́νωμεν | αἰσχῡ́νητε | αἰσχῡ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | αἰσχῡ́ναιμῐ | αἰσχῡ́νειᾰς / αἰσχῡ́ναις | αἰσχῡ́νειε(ν) / αἰσχῡ́ναι | αἰσχῡ́ναιτον | αἰσχῡναίτην | αἰσχῡ́ναιμεν | αἰσχῡ́ναιτε | αἰσχῡ́νειᾰν / αἰσχῡ́ναιεν | |||||
| imperative | αἴσχῡνον | αἰσχῡνᾰ́τω | αἰσχῡ́νᾰτον | αἰσχῡνᾰ́των | αἰσχῡ́νᾰτε | αἰσχῡνᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ᾐσχῡνᾰ́μην | ᾐσχῡ́νω | ᾐσχῡ́νᾰτο | ᾐσχῡ́νᾰσθον | ᾐσχῡνᾰ́σθην | ᾐσχῡνᾰ́μεθᾰ | ᾐσχῡ́νᾰσθε | ᾐσχῡ́νᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσχῡ́νωμαι | αἰσχῡ́νῃ | αἰσχῡ́νηται | αἰσχῡ́νησθον | αἰσχῡ́νησθον | αἰσχῡνώμεθᾰ | αἰσχῡ́νησθε | αἰσχῡ́νωνται | |||||
| optative | αἰσχῡναίμην | αἰσχῡ́ναιο | αἰσχῡ́ναιτο | αἰσχῡ́ναισθον | αἰσχῡναίσθην | αἰσχῡναίμεθᾰ | αἰσχῡ́ναισθε | αἰσχῡ́ναιντο | |||||
| imperative | αἴσχῡναι | αἰσχῡνᾰ́σθω | αἰσχῡ́νᾰσθον | αἰσχῡνᾰ́σθων | αἰσχῡ́νᾰσθε | αἰσχῡνᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ᾐσχῡ́νθην | ᾐσχῡ́νθης | ᾐσχῡ́νθη | ᾐσχῡ́νθητον | ᾐσχῡνθήτην | ᾐσχῡ́νθημεν | ᾐσχῡ́νθητε | ᾐσχῡ́νθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσχῡνθῶ | αἰσχῡνθῇς | αἰσχῡνθῇ | αἰσχῡνθῆτον | αἰσχῡνθῆτον | αἰσχῡνθῶμεν | αἰσχῡνθῆτε | αἰσχῡνθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | αἰσχῡνθείην | αἰσχῡνθείης | αἰσχῡνθείη | αἰσχῡνθεῖτον / αἰσχῡνθείητον | αἰσχῡνθείτην / αἰσχῡνθειήτην | αἰσχῡνθεῖμεν / αἰσχῡνθείημεν | αἰσχῡνθεῖτε / αἰσχῡνθείητε | αἰσχῡνθεῖεν / αἰσχῡνθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | αἰσχῡ́νθητῐ | αἰσχῡνθήτω | αἰσχῡ́νθητον | αἰσχῡνθήτων | αἰσχῡ́νθητε | αἰσχῡνθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσχῦναι | αἰσχῡ́νᾰσθαι | αἰσχῡνθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσχῡ́νᾱς | αἰσχῡνᾰ́μενος | αἰσχῡνθείς | |||||||||
| f | αἰσχῡ́νᾱσᾰ | αἰσχῡνᾰμένη | αἰσχῡνθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | αἰσχῦνᾰν | αἰσχῡνᾰ́μενον | αἰσχῡνθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ᾐσχῡμμένος (ēiskhūmménos)
- καταισχύνω (kataiskhúnō)
- προσκαταισχύνω (proskataiskhúnō)
- συναισχύνω (sunaiskhúnō)
Further reading
- “αἰσχύνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ Willi, Andreas (2018) Origins of the Greek Verb, Cambridge University Press, page 424