αἴτιος

See also: αίτιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From an unattested *αἶτος (*aîtos, “share”) + -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s, from *h₂ey- (“to give”). Cognates include αἰτέω (aitéō, “to ask”), Tocharian B ai- (“to give, take”), Oscan aetis (“part (of a possession)”), and perhaps Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta) (though the latter is disputed by Beekes).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.ti.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ti.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ti.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti.os/

Adjective

αἴτῐος • (aítĭos) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension

causing, being the author of, responsible for
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 2:
  Τῶν ὄντων τὰ μέν ἐστι φύσει, τὰ δὲ δι' ἄλλας αἰτίας, φύσει μὲν τά τε ζῷα καὶ τὰ μέρη αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ φυτὰ καὶ τὰ ἁπλᾶ τῶν σωμάτων
  Tôn óntōn tà mén esti phúsei, tà dè di’ állas aitías, phúsei mèn tá te zōîa kaì tà mérē autôn kaì tà phutà kaì tà haplâ tôn sōmátōn
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable

Inflection

First and second declension of αἴτῐος; αἰτῐ́ᾱ; αἴτῐον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	αἴτῐος aítĭos	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitĭ́ā	αἴτῐον aítĭon	αἰτῐ́ω aitĭ́ō	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitĭ́ā	αἰτῐ́ω aitĭ́ō	αἴτῐοι aítĭoi	αἴτῐαι aítĭai	αἴτῐᾰ aítĭă
Genitive	αἰτῐ́ου aitĭ́ou	αἰτῐ́ᾱς aitĭ́ās	αἰτῐ́ου aitĭ́ou	αἰτῐ́οιν aitĭ́oin	αἰτῐ́αιν aitĭ́ain	αἰτῐ́οιν aitĭ́oin	αἰτῐ́ων aitĭ́ōn	αἰτῐ́ων aitĭ́ōn	αἰτῐ́ων aitĭ́ōn
Dative	αἰτῐ́ῳ aitĭ́ōi	αἰτῐ́ᾳ aitĭ́āi	αἰτῐ́ῳ aitĭ́ōi	αἰτῐ́οιν aitĭ́oin	αἰτῐ́αιν aitĭ́ain	αἰτῐ́οιν aitĭ́oin	αἰτῐ́οις aitĭ́ois	αἰτῐ́αις aitĭ́ais	αἰτῐ́οις aitĭ́ois
Accusative	αἴτῐον aítĭon	αἰτῐ́ᾱν aitĭ́ān	αἴτῐον aítĭon	αἰτῐ́ω aitĭ́ō	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitĭ́ā	αἰτῐ́ω aitĭ́ō	αἰτῐ́ους aitĭ́ous	αἰτῐ́ᾱς aitĭ́ās	αἴτῐᾰ aítĭă
Vocative	αἴτῐε aítĭe	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitĭ́ā	αἴτῐον aítĭon	αἰτῐ́ω aitĭ́ō	αἰτῐ́ᾱ aitĭ́ā	αἰτῐ́ω aitĭ́ō	αἴτῐοι aítĭoi	αἴτῐαι aítĭai	αἴτῐᾰ aítĭă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	αἰτῐ́ως aitĭ́ōs			αἰτῐώτερος aitĭṓteros			αἰτῐώτᾰτος aitĭṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

αἰτῐ́ᾱ (aitĭ́ā)
πᾰραίτῐος (păraítĭos)
ὑπαίτῐος (hupaítĭos)

Related terms

αἰτέω (aitéō)

Noun

αἴτῐος • (aítĭos) m (genitive αἰτίου); second declension

defendant, the accused, culprit

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ αἴτῐος; τοῦ αἰτῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ αἴτῐος ho aítĭos	τὼ αἰτῐ́ω tṑ aitĭ́ō	οἱ αἴτῐοι hoi aítĭoi
Genitive	τοῦ αἰτῐ́ου toû aitĭ́ou	τοῖν αἰτῐ́οιν toîn aitĭ́oin	τῶν αἰτῐ́ων tôn aitĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ αἰτῐ́ῳ tōî aitĭ́ōi	τοῖν αἰτῐ́οιν toîn aitĭ́oin	τοῖς αἰτῐ́οις toîs aitĭ́ois
Accusative	τὸν αἴτῐον tòn aítĭon	τὼ αἰτῐ́ω tṑ aitĭ́ō	τοὺς αἰτῐ́ους toùs aitĭ́ous
Vocative	αἴτῐε aítĭe	αἰτῐ́ω aitĭ́ō	αἴτῐοι aítĭoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἴτιος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 45

“αἴτιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“αἴτιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“αἴτιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
αἴτιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
αἴτιος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
αἴτιος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
“αἴτιος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G159 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- accountable idem, page 7.
- author idem, page 53.
- cause idem, page 118.
- culprit idem, page 188.
- guilty idem, page 379.
- inculpated idem, page 431.
- instrumental idem, page 447.
- perpetrator idem, page 607.
- productive idem, page 645.
- responsible idem, page 704.
αἴτιος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἴτιος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 45

[1]

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Derived terms

Related terms

Noun

Inflection

References

Further reading