βιόω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
βίος (bíos) + -όω (-óō). Doublet of inherited ζῶ (zô).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /bi.ó.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /biˈo.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /βiˈo.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /viˈo.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /viˈo.o/
Verb
βῐόω • (bĭóō)
- to live
Conjugation
Present: βῐῶ, βῐοῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | βῐῶ | βῐοῖς | βῐοῖ | βῐοῦτον | βῐοῦτον | βῐοῦμεν | βῐοῦτε | βῐοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | βῐῶ | βῐοῖς | βῐοῖ | βῐῶτον | βῐῶτον | βῐῶμεν | βῐῶτε | βῐῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | βῐοίην / βῐοῖμῐ | βῐοίης / βῐοῖς | βῐοίη / βῐοῖ | βῐοῖτον / βῐοίητον | βῐοίτην / βῐοιήτην | βῐοῖμεν / βῐοίημεν | βῐοῖτε / βῐοίητε | βῐοῖεν / βῐοίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | βῐ́ου | βῐούτω | βῐοῦτον | βῐούτων | βῐοῦτε | βῐούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | βῐοῦμαι | βῐοῖ | βῐοῦται | βῐοῦσθον | βῐοῦσθον | βῐούμεθᾰ | βῐοῦσθε | βῐοῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | βῐῶμαι | βῐοῖ | βῐῶται | βῐῶσθον | βῐῶσθον | βῐώμεθᾰ | βῐῶσθε | βῐῶνται | |||||
| optative | βῐοίμην | βῐοῖο | βῐοῖτο | βῐοῖσθον | βῐοίσθην | βῐοίμεθᾰ | βῐοῖσθε | βῐοῖντο | |||||
| imperative | βῐοῦ | βῐούσθω | βῐοῦσθον | βῐούσθων | βῐοῦσθε | βῐούσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | βῐοῦν | βῐοῦσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | βῐῶν | βῐούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | βῐοῦσᾰ | βῐουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | βῐοῦν | βῐούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐβῐ́ουν, ἐβῐούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐβῐ́ουν | ἐβῐ́ους | ἐβῐ́ου | ἐβῐοῦτον | ἐβῐούτην | ἐβῐοῦμεν | ἐβῐοῦτε | ἐβῐ́ουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐβῐούμην | ἐβῐοῦ | ἐβῐοῦτο | ἐβῐοῦσθον | ἐβῐούσθην | ἐβῐούμεθᾰ | ἐβῐοῦσθε | ἐβῐοῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: βῐώσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | βῐώσομαι | βῐώσῃ / βῐώσει | βῐώσεται | βῐώσεσθον | βῐώσεσθον | βῐωσόμεθᾰ | βῐώσεσθε | βῐώσονται | ||||
| optative | βῐωσοίμην | βῐώσοιο | βῐώσοιτο | βῐώσοισθον | βῐωσοίσθην | βῐωσοίμεθᾰ | βῐώσοισθε | βῐώσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | βῐώσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | βῐωσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | βῐωσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | βῐωσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: βείομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | βείομαι | βείεαι | βείεται | βείεσθον | βείεσθον | βειόμε(σ)θᾰ | βείεσθε | βείονται | ||||
| optative | βειοίμην | βείοιο | βείοιτο | βείοισθον | βειοίσθην | βειοίμε(σ)θᾰ | βείοισθε | βειοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | βείεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | βειόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | βειομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | βειόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: βέομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | βέομαι | βέεαι | βέεται | βέεσθον | βέεσθον | βεόμε(σ)θᾰ | βέεσθε | βέονται | ||||
| optative | βεοίμην | βέοιο | βέοιτο | βέοισθον | βεοίσθην | βεοίμε(σ)θᾰ | βέοισθε | βεοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | βέεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | βεόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | βεομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | βεόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐβῐ́ων
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐβῐ́ων | ἐβῐ́ως | ἐβῐ́ω | ἐβῐ́ωτον | ἐβῐώτην | ἐβῐ́ωμεν | ἐβῐ́ωτε | ἐβῐ́ωσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | βῐῶ | βῐῷς | βῐῷ | βῐῶτον | βῐῶτον | βῐῶμεν | βῐῶτε | βῐῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | βῐοίην | βῐοίης | βῐοίη | βῐοῖτον / βῐοίητον | βῐοίτην / βῐοιήτην | βῐοῖμεν / βῐοίημεν | βῐοῖτε / βῐοίητε | βῐοῖεν / βῐοίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | βῐ́ωθῐ | βῐώτω | βῐ́ωτον | βῐώτων | βῐ́ωτε | βῐόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | βῐῶναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | βῐούς | |||||||||||
| f | βῐοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | βῐόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: βεβῐ́ωκᾰ
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | βεβῐ́ωκᾰ | βεβῐ́ωκᾰς | βεβῐ́ωκε(ν) | βεβῐώκᾰτον | βεβῐώκᾰτον | βεβῐώκᾰμεν | βεβῐώκᾰτε | βεβῐώκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | βεβῐώκω | βεβῐώκῃς | βεβῐώκῃ | βεβῐώκητον | βεβῐώκητον | βεβῐώκωμεν | βεβῐώκητε | βεβῐώκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | βεβῐώκοιμῐ / βεβῐωκοίην | βεβῐώκοις / βεβῐωκοίης | βεβῐώκοι / βεβῐωκοίη | βεβῐώκοιτον | βεβῐωκοίτην | βεβῐώκοιμεν | βεβῐώκοιτε | βεβῐώκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | βεβῐ́ωκε | βεβῐωκέτω | βεβῐώκετον | βεβῐωκέτων | βεβῐώκετε | βεβῐωκόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | βεβῐωκέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | βεβῐωκώς | |||||||||||
| f | βεβῐωκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | βεβῐωκός | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐβεβῐώκειν / ἐβεβῐώκη
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐβεβῐώκειν / ἐβεβῐώκη | ἐβεβῐώκεις / ἐβεβῐώκης | ἐβεβῐώκει(ν) | ἐβεβῐώκετον | ἐβεβῐωκέτην | ἐβεβῐώκεμεν | ἐβεβῐώκετε | ἐβεβῐώκεσᾰν | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Synonyms
- ζῶ (zô)
Derived terms
- ἀβίωτος (abíōtos)
- ἀναβιόω (anabióō)
- ἀπεκβιόω (apekbióō)
- ἀποβιόω (apobióō)
- βιώσιμος (biṓsimos)
- βιωτικός (biōtikós)
- διαβιόω (diabióō)
- ἐγκαταβιόω (enkatabióō)
- ἐκβιόω (ekbióō)
- ἐμβιόω (embióō)
- ἐνδιόω (endióō)
- ἐπιβιόω (epibióō)
- καταβιόω (katabióō)
- μεταβιόω (metabióō)
- περιβιόω (peribióō)
- προβιόω (probióō)
- προσβιόω (prosbióō)
- προσσυμβιόω (prossumbióō)
- συγκαταβιόω (sunkatabióō)
- συμβιόω (sumbióō)
- συνεκβιόω (sunekbióō)
- ὑπερβιόω (huperbióō)
Further reading
- “βιόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βιω-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 216-217