γλαφυρός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From γλάφω (gláphō, “scrape, dig up, hollow”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡla.pʰy.rós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡla.pʰyˈros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɣla.ɸyˈros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ɣla.fyˈros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ɣla.fiˈros/
Adjective
γλᾰφῠρός • (glăphŭrós) m (feminine γλᾰφῠρᾱ́, neuter γλᾰφῠρόν); first/second declension
- (Epic) hollow, hollowed (epithet of caves and ships)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.453–454:
- Τοῖσι δ’ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετ’ ἠὲ νέεσθαι
ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.- Toîsi d’ áphar pólemos glukíōn génet’ ēè néesthai
en nēusì glaphurēîsi phílēn es patrída gaîan. - Immediately battle became sweeter to them than to return
in hollowed ships to their dear homeland.
- Toîsi d’ áphar pólemos glukíōn génet’ ēè néesthai
- Τοῖσι δ’ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετ’ ἠὲ νέεσθαι
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.13–15:
- Τὸν δ’ οἶον, νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικός,
νύμφη πότνι’ ἔρῡκε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεᾱ́ων,
ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι.- Tòn d’ oîon, nóstou kekhrēménon ēdè gunaikós,
númphē pótni’ érūke Kalupsṓ, dîa theā́ōn,
en spéssi glaphuroîsi, lilaioménē pósin eînai. - Him alone, longing for homecoming and his wife,
the revered nymph Calypso, brightest of goddesses, detained
in hollow caves, longing for him to be her husband.
- Tòn d’ oîon, nóstou kekhrēménon ēdè gunaikós,
- Τὸν δ’ οἶον, νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικός,
- polished
- neat, delicate; subtle, exact, refined, elegant
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | γλᾰφῠρός glăphŭrós |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glăphŭrā́ |
γλᾰφῠρόν glăphŭrón |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glăphŭrā́ |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠροί glăphŭroí |
γλᾰφῠραί glăphŭraí |
γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glăphŭrắ | |||||
| Genitive | γλᾰφῠροῦ glăphŭroû |
γλᾰφῠρᾶς glăphŭrâs |
γλᾰφῠροῦ glăphŭroû |
γλᾰφῠροῖν glăphŭroîn |
γλᾰφῠραῖν glăphŭraîn |
γλᾰφῠροῖν glăphŭroîn |
γλᾰφῠρῶν glăphŭrôn |
γλᾰφῠρῶν glăphŭrôn |
γλᾰφῠρῶν glăphŭrôn | |||||
| Dative | γλᾰφῠρῷ glăphŭrōî |
γλᾰφῠρᾷ glăphŭrāî |
γλᾰφῠρῷ glăphŭrōî |
γλᾰφῠροῖν glăphŭroîn |
γλᾰφῠραῖν glăphŭraîn |
γλᾰφῠροῖν glăphŭroîn |
γλᾰφῠροῖς glăphŭroîs |
γλᾰφῠραῖς glăphŭraîs |
γλᾰφῠροῖς glăphŭroîs | |||||
| Accusative | γλᾰφῠρόν glăphŭrón |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ν glăphŭrā́n |
γλᾰφῠρόν glăphŭrón |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glăphŭrā́ |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠρούς glăphŭroús |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ς glăphŭrā́s |
γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glăphŭrắ | |||||
| Vocative | γλᾰφῠρέ glăphŭré |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glăphŭrā́ |
γλᾰφῠρόν glăphŭrón |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glăphŭrā́ |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠροί glăphŭroí |
γλᾰφῠραί glăphŭraí |
γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glăphŭrắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| γλᾰφῠρῶς glăphŭrôs |
γλᾰφῠρώτερος glăphŭrṓteros |
γλᾰφῠρώτᾰτος glăphŭrṓtătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | γλᾰφῠρός glăphŭrós |
γλᾰφῠρή glăphŭrḗ |
γλᾰφῠρόν glăphŭrón |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glăphŭrā́ |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠροί glăphŭroí |
γλᾰφῠραί glăphŭraí |
γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glăphŭrắ | |||||
| Genitive | γλᾰφῠροῦ / γλᾰφῠροῖο / γλᾰφῠρόο glăphŭroû / glăphŭroîo / glăphŭróo |
γλᾰφῠρῆς glăphŭrês |
γλᾰφῠροῦ / γλᾰφῠροῖο / γλᾰφῠρόο glăphŭroû / glăphŭroîo / glăphŭróo |
γλᾰφῠροῖν / γλᾰφῠροῖῐν glăphŭroî(ĭ)n |
γλᾰφῠραῖν / γλᾰφῠραῖῐν / γλᾰφῠρῇῐν glăphŭraî(ĭ)n / glăphŭrēîĭn |
γλᾰφῠροῖν / γλᾰφῠροῖῐν glăphŭroî(ĭ)n |
γλᾰφῠρῶν glăphŭrôn |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ων / γλᾰφῠρέ͜ων / γλᾰφῠρῶν glăphŭrā́ōn / glăphŭré͜ōn / glăphŭrôn |
γλᾰφῠρῶν glăphŭrôn | |||||
| Dative | γλᾰφῠρῷ glăphŭrōî |
γλᾰφῠρῇ glăphŭrēî |
γλᾰφῠρῷ glăphŭrōî |
γλᾰφῠροῖν / γλᾰφῠροῖῐν glăphŭroî(ĭ)n |
γλᾰφῠραῖν / γλᾰφῠραῖῐν / γλᾰφῠρῇῐν glăphŭraî(ĭ)n / glăphŭrēîĭn |
γλᾰφῠροῖν / γλᾰφῠροῖῐν glăphŭroî(ĭ)n |
γλᾰφῠροῖς / γλᾰφῠροῖσῐ / γλᾰφῠροῖσῐν glăphŭroîs / glăphŭroîsĭ(n) |
γλᾰφῠρῇς / γλᾰφῠρῇσῐ / γλᾰφῠρῇσῐν / γλᾰφῠραῖς glăphŭrēîs / glăphŭrēîsĭ(n) / glăphŭraîs |
γλᾰφῠροῖς / γλᾰφῠροῖσῐ / γλᾰφῠροῖσῐν glăphŭroîs / glăphŭroîsĭ(n) | |||||
| Accusative | γλᾰφῠρόν glăphŭrón |
γλᾰφῠρήν glăphŭrḗn |
γλᾰφῠρόν glăphŭrón |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glăphŭrā́ |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠρούς glăphŭroús |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ς glăphŭrā́s |
γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glăphŭrắ | |||||
| Vocative | γλᾰφῠρέ glăphŭré |
γλᾰφῠρή glăphŭrḗ |
γλᾰφῠρόν glăphŭrón |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glăphŭrā́ |
γλᾰφῠρώ glăphŭrṓ |
γλᾰφῠροί glăphŭroí |
γλᾰφῠραί glăphŭraí |
γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glăphŭrắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| γλᾰφῠρῶς glăphŭrôs |
γλᾰφῠρώτερος glăphŭrṓteros |
γλᾰφῠρώτᾰτος glăphŭrṓtătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Further reading
- “γλαφυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γλαφυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “γλαφυρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γλαφυρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “γλαφυρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter