γύαλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

For the formation, one might compare ἀγκάλη (ankálē, “bent arm”) and ὀμφαλός (omphalós, “navel”). The word is generally connected with γυῖον (guîon, “hand”) and γύης (gúēs, “earth”), so it may derive either from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“hand”) or from Proto-Indo-European *gew(H)- (“to bend”)^[1] (which are either identical or have been conflated early in Indo-European).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡý.a.lon/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡy.a.lon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝy.a.lon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝy.a.lon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈʝi.a.lon/

Noun

γῠ́ᾰλον • (gŭ́ălon) n (genitive γῠᾰ́λου); second declension

hollow of the cuirass
hollow of a vessel
hollow of a rock, cave
(in the plural) vales, dells

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον; τοῦ γῠᾰ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον tò gŭ́ălon	τὼ γῠᾰ́λω tṑ gŭắlō	τᾰ̀ γῠ́ᾰλᾰ tằ gŭ́ălă
Genitive	τοῦ γῠᾰ́λου toû gŭắlou	τοῖν γῠᾰ́λοιν toîn gŭắloin	τῶν γῠᾰ́λων tôn gŭắlōn
Dative	τῷ γῠᾰ́λῳ tōî gŭắlōi	τοῖν γῠᾰ́λοιν toîn gŭắloin	τοῖς γῠᾰ́λοις toîs gŭắlois
Accusative	τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον tò gŭ́ălon	τὼ γῠᾰ́λω tṑ gŭắlō	τᾰ̀ γῠ́ᾰλᾰ tằ gŭ́ălă
Vocative	γῠ́ᾰλον gŭ́ălon	γῠᾰ́λω gŭắlō	γῠ́ᾰλᾰ gŭ́ălă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

γυάλας (guálas)
γυαλοθώραξ (gualothṓrax)
γύαλος (gúalos)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γύαλον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 289-90

“γύαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“γύαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“γύαλον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
γύαλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
γύαλον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γύαλον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 289-90

[1]