δικαιόω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From δίκαιος (díkaios, “decent, righteous”) +‎ -όω (-óō, “cause someone to be”, factitive verb suffix).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /di.kai̯.ó.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /di.kɛˈo.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ði.cɛˈo.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ði.ceˈo.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ði.ceˈo.o/

Verb

δῐκαιόω • (dĭkaióō)

to set right
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 169.13
to hold or deem right, to think fit, to claim or demand as right
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.89
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.133
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Fractures 31
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 640
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.41
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.42
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 781
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.26
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.71
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.172
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.118
- 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 10.1
to do a man right or justice, to judge
1. to condemn, chastise, punish
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.100
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.29
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 934B
  - 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Roman History 16.57.47
  - 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Fragments 57.47
  - 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Roman History 58.5.6
  - 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Roman History 58.11.5
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.40
2. to make just, pronounce and treat as righteous, justify, vindicate
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 23.7
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Jeremiah 3.11
  - 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 16:15
  - 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 7:35

Inflection

Present: δῐκαιῶ, δῐκαιοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐκαιῶ	δῐκαιοῖς	δῐκαιοῖ	δῐκαιοῦτον	δῐκαιοῦτον	δῐκαιοῦμεν	δῐκαιοῦτε	δῐκαιοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δῐκαιῶ	δῐκαιοῖς	δῐκαιοῖ	δῐκαιῶτον	δῐκαιῶτον	δῐκαιῶμεν	δῐκαιῶτε	δῐκαιῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐκαιοίην / δῐκαιοῖμῐ	δῐκαιοίης / δῐκαιοῖς	δῐκαιοίη / δῐκαιοῖ	δῐκαιοῖτον / δῐκαιοίητον	δῐκαιοίτην / δῐκαιοιήτην	δῐκαιοῖμεν / δῐκαιοίημεν	δῐκαιοῖτε / δῐκαιοίητε	δῐκαιοῖεν / δῐκαιοίησᾰν
	imperative		δῐκαίου	δῐκαιούτω	δῐκαιοῦτον	δῐκαιούτων		δῐκαιοῦτε	δῐκαιούντων
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐκαιοῦμαι	δῐκαιοῖ	δῐκαιοῦται	δῐκαιοῦσθον	δῐκαιοῦσθον	δῐκαιούμεθᾰ	δῐκαιοῦσθε	δῐκαιοῦνται
	subjunctive	δῐκαιῶμαι	δῐκαιοῖ	δῐκαιῶται	δῐκαιῶσθον	δῐκαιῶσθον	δῐκαιώμεθᾰ	δῐκαιῶσθε	δῐκαιῶνται
	optative	δῐκαιοίμην	δῐκαιοῖο	δῐκαιοῖτο	δῐκαιοῖσθον	δῐκαιοίσθην	δῐκαιοίμεθᾰ	δῐκαιοῖσθε	δῐκαιοῖντο
	imperative		δῐκαιοῦ	δῐκαιούσθω	δῐκαιοῦσθον	δῐκαιούσθων		δῐκαιοῦσθε	δῐκαιούσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		δῐκαιοῦν				δῐκαιοῦσθαι
participle	m	δῐκαιῶν				δῐκαιούμενος
	f	δῐκαιοῦσᾰ				δῐκαιουμένη
	n	δῐκαιοῦν				δῐκαιούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐδῐκαίουν, ἐδῐκαιούμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐδῐκαίουν	ἐδῐκαίους	ἐδῐκαίου	ἐδῐκαιοῦτον	ἐδῐκαιούτην	ἐδῐκαιοῦμεν	ἐδῐκαιοῦτε	ἐδῐκαίουν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐδῐκαιούμην	ἐδῐκαιοῦ	ἐδῐκαιοῦτο	ἐδῐκαιοῦσθον	ἐδῐκαιούσθην	ἐδῐκαιούμεθᾰ	ἐδῐκαιοῦσθε	ἐδῐκαιοῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: δῐκαιώσω, δῐκαιώσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐκαιώσω	δῐκαιώσεις	δῐκαιώσει	δῐκαιώσετον	δῐκαιώσετον	δῐκαιώσομεν	δῐκαιώσετε	δῐκαιώσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	δῐκαιώσοιμῐ	δῐκαιώσοις	δῐκαιώσοι	δῐκαιώσοιτον	δῐκαιωσοίτην	δῐκαιώσοιμεν	δῐκαιώσοιτε	δῐκαιώσοιεν
middle	indicative	δῐκαιώσομαι	δῐκαιώσῃ / δῐκαιώσει	δῐκαιώσεται	δῐκαιώσεσθον	δῐκαιώσεσθον	δῐκαιωσόμεθᾰ	δῐκαιώσεσθε	δῐκαιώσονται
middle	optative	δῐκαιωσοίμην	δῐκαιώσοιο	δῐκαιώσοιτο	δῐκαιώσοισθον	δῐκαιωσοίσθην	δῐκαιωσοίμεθᾰ	δῐκαιώσοισθε	δῐκαιώσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		δῐκαιώσειν			δῐκαιώσεσθαι
participle	m	δῐκαιώσων			δῐκαιωσόμενος
	f	δῐκαιώσουσᾰ			δῐκαιωσομένη
	n	δῐκαιῶσον			δῐκαιωσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐδῐκαίωσᾰ, ἐδῐκαιωσᾰ́μην, ἐδῐκαιώθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐδῐκαίωσᾰ	ἐδῐκαίωσᾰς	ἐδῐκαίωσε(ν)	ἐδῐκαιώσᾰτον	ἐδῐκαιωσᾰ́την	ἐδῐκαιώσᾰμεν	ἐδῐκαιώσᾰτε	ἐδῐκαίωσᾰν
	subjunctive	δῐκαιώσω	δῐκαιώσῃς	δῐκαιώσῃ	δῐκαιώσητον	δῐκαιώσητον	δῐκαιώσωμεν	δῐκαιώσητε	δῐκαιώσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐκαιώσαιμῐ	δῐκαιώσειᾰς / δῐκαιώσαις	δῐκαιώσειε(ν) / δῐκαιώσαι	δῐκαιώσαιτον	δῐκαιωσαίτην	δῐκαιώσαιμεν	δῐκαιώσαιτε	δῐκαιώσειᾰν / δῐκαιώσαιεν
	imperative		δῐκαίωσον	δῐκαιωσᾰ́τω	δῐκαιώσᾰτον	δῐκαιωσᾰ́των		δῐκαιώσᾰτε	δῐκαιωσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐδῐκαιωσᾰ́μην	ἐδῐκαιώσω	ἐδῐκαιώσᾰτο	ἐδῐκαιώσᾰσθον	ἐδῐκαιωσᾰ́σθην	ἐδῐκαιωσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐδῐκαιώσᾰσθε	ἐδῐκαιώσᾰντο
	subjunctive	δῐκαιώσωμαι	δῐκαιώσῃ	δῐκαιώσηται	δῐκαιώσησθον	δῐκαιώσησθον	δῐκαιωσώμεθᾰ	δῐκαιώσησθε	δῐκαιώσωνται
	optative	δῐκαιωσαίμην	δῐκαιώσαιο	δῐκαιώσαιτο	δῐκαιώσαισθον	δῐκαιωσαίσθην	δῐκαιωσαίμεθᾰ	δῐκαιώσαισθε	δῐκαιώσαιντο
	imperative		δῐκαίωσαι	δῐκαιωσᾰ́σθω	δῐκαιώσᾰσθον	δῐκαιωσᾰ́σθων		δῐκαιώσᾰσθε	δῐκαιωσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐδῐκαιώθην	ἐδῐκαιώθης	ἐδῐκαιώθη	ἐδῐκαιώθητον	ἐδῐκαιωθήτην	ἐδῐκαιώθημεν	ἐδῐκαιώθητε	ἐδῐκαιώθησᾰν
	subjunctive	δῐκαιωθῶ	δῐκαιωθῇς	δῐκαιωθῇ	δῐκαιωθῆτον	δῐκαιωθῆτον	δῐκαιωθῶμεν	δῐκαιωθῆτε	δῐκαιωθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐκαιωθείην	δῐκαιωθείης	δῐκαιωθείη	δῐκαιωθεῖτον / δῐκαιωθείητον	δῐκαιωθείτην / δῐκαιωθειήτην	δῐκαιωθεῖμεν / δῐκαιωθείημεν	δῐκαιωθεῖτε / δῐκαιωθείητε	δῐκαιωθεῖεν / δῐκαιωθείησᾰν
	imperative		δῐκαιώθητῐ	δῐκαιωθήτω	δῐκαιώθητον	δῐκαιωθήτων		δῐκαιώθητε	δῐκαιωθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		δῐκαιῶσαι			δῐκαιώσᾰσθαι		δῐκαιωθῆναι
participle	m	δῐκαιώσᾱς			δῐκαιωσᾰ́μενος		δῐκαιωθείς
	f	δῐκαιώσᾱσᾰ			δῐκαιωσᾰμένη		δῐκαιωθεῖσᾰ
	n	δῐκαιῶσᾰν			δῐκαιωσᾰ́μενον		δῐκαιωθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: δεδῐκαίωκᾰ, δεδῐκαίωμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δεδῐκαίωκᾰ	δεδῐκαίωκᾰς	δεδῐκαίωκε(ν)	δεδῐκαιώκᾰτον	δεδῐκαιώκᾰτον	δεδῐκαιώκᾰμεν	δεδῐκαιώκᾰτε	δεδῐκαιώκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δεδῐκαιώκω	δεδῐκαιώκῃς	δεδῐκαιώκῃ	δεδῐκαιώκητον	δεδῐκαιώκητον	δεδῐκαιώκωμεν	δεδῐκαιώκητε	δεδῐκαιώκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δεδῐκαιώκοιμῐ / δεδῐκαιωκοίην	δεδῐκαιώκοις / δεδῐκαιωκοίης	δεδῐκαιώκοι / δεδῐκαιωκοίη	δεδῐκαιώκοιτον	δεδῐκαιωκοίτην	δεδῐκαιώκοιμεν	δεδῐκαιώκοιτε	δεδῐκαιώκοιεν
	imperative		δεδῐκαίωκε	δεδῐκαιωκέτω	δεδῐκαιώκετον	δεδῐκαιωκέτων		δεδῐκαιώκετε	δεδῐκαιωκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	δεδῐκαίωμαι	δεδῐκαίωσαι	δεδῐκαίωται	δεδῐκαίωσθον	δεδῐκαίωσθον	δεδῐκαιώμεθᾰ	δεδῐκαίωσθε	δεδῐκαίωνται
	subjunctive	δεδῐκαιωμένος ὦ	δεδῐκαιωμένος ᾖς	δεδῐκαιωμένος ᾖ	δεδῐκαιωμένω ἦτον	δεδῐκαιωμένω ἦτον	δεδῐκαιωμένοι ὦμεν	δεδῐκαιωμένοι ἦτε	δεδῐκαιωμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	δεδῐκαιωμένος εἴην	δεδῐκαιωμένος εἴης	δεδῐκαιωμένος εἴη	δεδῐκαιωμένω εἴητον / εἶτον	δεδῐκαιωμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην	δεδῐκαιωμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν	δεδῐκαιωμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε	δεδῐκαιωμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν
	imperative		δεδῐκαίωσο	δεδῐκαιώσθω	δεδῐκαίωσθον	δεδῐκαιώσθων		δεδῐκαίωσθε	δεδῐκαιώσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		δεδῐκαιωκέναι				δεδῐκαιῶσθαι
participle	m	δεδῐκαιωκώς				δεδῐκαιωμένος
	f	δεδῐκαιωκυῖᾰ				δεδῐκαιωμένη
	n	δεδῐκαιωκός				δεδῐκαιωμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐδεδῐκαιώκειν / ἐδεδῐκαιώκη, ἐδεδῐκαιώμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐδεδῐκαιώκειν / ἐδεδῐκαιώκη	ἐδεδῐκαιώκεις / ἐδεδῐκαιώκης	ἐδεδῐκαιώκει(ν)	ἐδεδῐκαιώκετον	ἐδεδῐκαιωκέτην	ἐδεδῐκαιώκεμεν	ἐδεδῐκαιώκετε	ἐδεδῐκαιώκεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐδεδῐκαιώμην	ἐδεδῐκαίωσο	ἐδεδῐκαίωτο	ἐδεδῐκαίωσθον	ἐδεδῐκαιώσθην	ἐδεδῐκαιώμεθᾰ	ἐδεδῐκαίωσθε	ἐδεδῐκαίωντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

“δικαιόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“δικαιόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
δικαιόω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
δικαιόω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
“δικαιόω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G1344 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible