θολός

See also: θόλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. The word has been connected with terms for turbidness of the mind, like Proto-Germanic *dwelaną (“to go astray”) and *dwalaz (“confused, stunned”), resulting in a putative proto-form *θϝολός (*thwolós). The Germanic words may or may not be connected with Proto-Celtic *dallos (“blind”). There is no indication, however, that these Indo-European forms are cognate. Furnée compares ὀλός (olós, “ink of the cuttlefish”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰo.lós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tʰoˈlos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /θoˈlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /θoˈlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /θoˈlos/

Noun

θολός • (tholós) m (genitive θολοῦ); second declension

mud, dirt, especially in water
menses, menstrual flow
ink of the cuttlefish

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ θολός; τοῦ θολοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ θολός ho tholós	τὼ θολώ tṑ tholṓ	οἱ θολοί hoi tholoí
Genitive	τοῦ θολοῦ toû tholoû	τοῖν θολοῖν toîn tholoîn	τῶν θολῶν tôn tholôn
Dative	τῷ θολῷ tōî tholōî	τοῖν θολοῖν toîn tholoîn	τοῖς θολοῖς toîs tholoîs
Accusative	τὸν θολόν tòn tholón	τὼ θολώ tṑ tholṓ	τοὺς θολούς toùs tholoús
Vocative	θολέ tholé	θολώ tholṓ	θολοί tholoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

θολερός (tholerós)
θολόω (tholóō)
θολώδης (tholṓdēs)
θόλωσις (thólōsis)

Descendants

Greek: θολός (tholós)

References

“θολός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
θολός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Greek

Adjective

θολός • (tholós) m (feminine θολή, neuter θολό)

dim, not bright
muddy, cloudy

Declension

Declension of θολός
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	θολός (tholós)	θολή (tholí)	θολό (tholó)	θολοί (tholoí)	θολές (tholés)	θολά (tholá)
genitive	θολού (tholoú)	θολής (tholís)	θολού (tholoú)	θολών (tholón)	θολών (tholón)	θολών (tholón)
accusative	θολό (tholó)	θολή (tholí)	θολό (tholó)	θολούς (tholoús)	θολές (tholés)	θολά (tholá)
vocative	θολέ (tholé)	θολή (tholí)	θολό (tholó)	θολοί (tholoí)	θολές (tholés)	θολά (tholá)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο θολός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο θολός, etc.)

Related terms

θολούρα f (tholoúra, “haziness, blurriness”)