θρύπτω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
This verb may derive from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, grind”) and is compared to Latvian drubaža (“piece, fragment”), Proto-Slavic *drybati (“to scratch, scrumple”), Proto-Germanic *drupô (“drop”) and Old Irish drúcht (“dew”). It is probable that δρύπτω (drúptō, “to tear, strip”) was modelled on this verb. According to Beekes, we are probably dealing with a non-Indo-European substrate word.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰrýp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtʰryp.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈθryp.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈθryp.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈθrip.to/
Verb
θρῠ́πτω • (thrŭ́ptō)
- to break in pieces, shatter
- (of air) to be dispersed
- (in moral sense) to enfeeble, by debauchery and luxury
- (passive voice) to be enervated, unmanned
- to wanton, riot, display moral weakness
- to be coy and prudish, bridle up
- to grow conceited in or of a thing
Inflection
Present: θρῠ́πτω, θρῠ́πτομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | θρῠ́πτω | θρῠ́πτεις | θρῠ́πτει | θρῠ́πτετον | θρῠ́πτετον | θρῠ́πτομεν | θρῠ́πτετε | θρῠ́πτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | θρῠ́πτω | θρῠ́πτῃς | θρῠ́πτῃ | θρῠ́πτητον | θρῠ́πτητον | θρῠ́πτωμεν | θρῠ́πτητε | θρῠ́πτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | θρῠ́πτοιμῐ | θρῠ́πτοις | θρῠ́πτοι | θρῠ́πτοιτον | θρῠπτοίτην | θρῠ́πτοιμεν | θρῠ́πτοιτε | θρῠ́πτοιεν | |||||
| imperative | θρῠ́πτε | θρῠπτέτω | θρῠ́πτετον | θρῠπτέτων | θρῠ́πτετε | θρῠπτόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | θρῠ́πτομαι | θρῠ́πτῃ / θρῠ́πτει | θρῠ́πτεται | θρῠ́πτεσθον | θρῠ́πτεσθον | θρῠπτόμεθᾰ | θρῠ́πτεσθε | θρῠ́πτονται | ||||
| subjunctive | θρῠ́πτωμαι | θρῠ́πτῃ | θρῠ́πτηται | θρῠ́πτησθον | θρῠ́πτησθον | θρῠπτώμεθᾰ | θρῠ́πτησθε | θρῠ́πτωνται | |||||
| optative | θρῠπτοίμην | θρῠ́πτοιο | θρῠ́πτοιτο | θρῠ́πτοισθον | θρῠπτοίσθην | θρῠπτοίμεθᾰ | θρῠ́πτοισθε | θρῠ́πτοιντο | |||||
| imperative | θρῠ́πτου | θρῠπτέσθω | θρῠ́πτεσθον | θρῠπτέσθων | θρῠ́πτεσθε | θρῠπτέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | θρῠ́πτειν | θρῠ́πτεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | θρῠ́πτων | θρῠπτόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | θρῠ́πτουσᾰ | θρῠπτομένη | |||||||||||
| n | θρῠ́πτον | θρῠπτόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔθρῠπτον, ἐθρῠπτόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔθρῠπτον | ἔθρῠπτες | ἔθρῠπτε(ν) | ἐθρῠ́πτετον | ἐθρῠπτέτην | ἐθρῠ́πτομεν | ἐθρῠ́πτετε | ἔθρῠπτον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐθρῠπτόμην | ἐθρῠ́πτου | ἐθρῠ́πτετο | ἐθρῠ́πτεσθον | ἐθρῠπτέσθην | ἐθρῠπτόμεθᾰ | ἐθρῠ́πτεσθε | ἐθρῠ́πτοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: θρῠ́ψω, θρῠ́ψομαι, θρῠφήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | θρῠ́ψω | θρῠ́ψεις | θρῠ́ψει | θρῠ́ψετον | θρῠ́ψετον | θρῠ́ψομεν | θρῠ́ψετε | θρῠ́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | θρῠ́ψοιμῐ | θρῠ́ψοις | θρῠ́ψοι | θρῠ́ψοιτον | θρῠψοίτην | θρῠ́ψοιμεν | θρῠ́ψοιτε | θρῠ́ψοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | θρῠ́ψομαι | θρῠ́ψῃ / θρῠ́ψει | θρῠ́ψεται | θρῠ́ψεσθον | θρῠ́ψεσθον | θρῠψόμεθᾰ | θρῠ́ψεσθε | θρῠ́ψονται | ||||
| optative | θρῠψοίμην | θρῠ́ψοιο | θρῠ́ψοιτο | θρῠ́ψοισθον | θρῠψοίσθην | θρῠψοίμεθᾰ | θρῠ́ψοισθε | θρῠ́ψοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | θρῠφήσομαι | θρῠφήσῃ | θρῠφήσεται | θρῠφήσεσθον | θρῠφήσεσθον | θρῠφησόμεθᾰ | θρῠφήσεσθε | θρῠφήσονται | ||||
| optative | θρῠφησοίμην | θρῠφήσοιο | θρῠφήσοιτο | θρῠφήσοισθον | θρῠφησοίσθην | θρῠφησοίμεθᾰ | θρῠφήσοισθε | θρῠφήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | θρῠ́ψειν | θρῠ́ψεσθαι | θρῠφήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | θρῠ́ψων | θρῠψόμενος | θρῠφησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | θρῠ́ψουσᾰ | θρῠψομένη | θρῠφησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | θρῠ́ψον | θρῠψόμενον | θρῠφησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔθρῠψᾰ, ἐθρῠψᾰ́μην, ἐθρῠ́φθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔθρῠψᾰ | ἔθρῠψᾰς | ἔθρῠψε(ν) | ἐθρῠ́ψᾰτον | ἐθρῠψᾰ́την | ἐθρῠ́ψᾰμεν | ἐθρῠ́ψᾰτε | ἔθρῠψᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | θρῠ́ψω | θρῠ́ψῃς | θρῠ́ψῃ | θρῠ́ψητον | θρῠ́ψητον | θρῠ́ψωμεν | θρῠ́ψητε | θρῠ́ψωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | θρῠ́ψαιμῐ | θρῠ́ψειᾰς / θρῠ́ψαις | θρῠ́ψειε(ν) / θρῠ́ψαι | θρῠ́ψαιτον | θρῠψαίτην | θρῠ́ψαιμεν | θρῠ́ψαιτε | θρῠ́ψειᾰν / θρῠ́ψαιεν | |||||
| imperative | θρῠ́ψον | θρῠψᾰ́τω | θρῠ́ψᾰτον | θρῠψᾰ́των | θρῠ́ψᾰτε | θρῠψᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐθρῠψᾰ́μην | ἐθρῠ́ψω | ἐθρῠ́ψᾰτο | ἐθρῠ́ψᾰσθον | ἐθρῠψᾰ́σθην | ἐθρῠψᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐθρῠ́ψᾰσθε | ἐθρῠ́ψᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | θρῠ́ψωμαι | θρῠ́ψῃ | θρῠ́ψηται | θρῠ́ψησθον | θρῠ́ψησθον | θρῠψώμεθᾰ | θρῠ́ψησθε | θρῠ́ψωνται | |||||
| optative | θρῠψαίμην | θρῠ́ψαιο | θρῠ́ψαιτο | θρῠ́ψαισθον | θρῠψαίσθην | θρῠψαίμεθᾰ | θρῠ́ψαισθε | θρῠ́ψαιντο | |||||
| imperative | θρῠ́ψαι | θρῠψᾰ́σθω | θρῠ́ψᾰσθον | θρῠψᾰ́σθων | θρῠ́ψᾰσθε | θρῠψᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐθρῠ́φθην | ἐθρῠ́φθης | ἐθρῠ́φθη | ἐθρῠ́φθητον | ἐθρῠφθήτην | ἐθρῠ́φθημεν | ἐθρῠ́φθητε | ἐθρῠ́φθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | θρῠφθῶ | θρῠφθῇς | θρῠφθῇ | θρῠφθῆτον | θρῠφθῆτον | θρῠφθῶμεν | θρῠφθῆτε | θρῠφθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | θρῠφθείην | θρῠφθείης | θρῠφθείη | θρῠφθεῖτον / θρῠφθείητον | θρῠφθείτην / θρῠφθειήτην | θρῠφθεῖμεν / θρῠφθείημεν | θρῠφθεῖτε / θρῠφθείητε | θρῠφθεῖεν / θρῠφθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | θρῠ́φθητῐ | θρῠφθήτω | θρῠ́φθητον | θρῠφθήτων | θρῠ́φθητε | θρῠφθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | θρῠ́ψαι | θρῠ́ψᾰσθαι | θρῠφθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | θρῠ́ψᾱς | θρῠψᾰ́μενος | θρῠφθείς | |||||||||
| f | θρῠ́ψᾱσᾰ | θρῠψᾰμένη | θρῠφθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | θρῠ́ψᾰν | θρῠψᾰ́μενον | θρῠφθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: τέθρῠμμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | τέθρῠμμαι | τέθρῠψαι | τέθρῠπται | τέθρῠφθον | τέθρῠφθον | τεθρῠ́μμεθᾰ | τέθρῠφθε | τεθρῠ́φᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | τεθρῠμμένος ὦ | τεθρῠμμένος ᾖς | τεθρῠμμένος ᾖ | τεθρῠμμένω ἦτον | τεθρῠμμένω ἦτον | τεθρῠμμένοι ὦμεν | τεθρῠμμένοι ἦτε | τεθρῠμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τεθρῠμμένος εἴην | τεθρῠμμένος εἴης | τεθρῠμμένος εἴη | τεθρῠμμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | τεθρῠμμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | τεθρῠμμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | τεθρῠμμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | τεθρῠμμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | τέθρῠψο | τεθρῠ́φθω | τέθρῠφθον | τεθρῠ́φθων | τέθρῠφθε | τεθρῠ́φθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | τεθρῠ́φθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | τεθρῠμμένος | |||||||||||
| f | τεθρῠμμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | τεθρῠμμένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “θρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “θρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- θρύπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θρύπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 560