κάροινον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain; Grimme assumes a loan from Semitic, suggesting comparison to Akkadian 𒆪𒊒𒌦𒉡 (ku-ru-un-nu /⁠kurunnu⁠/, “alcoholic beverage, a choice kind of beer or wine, possibly made with sesame”) via Hittite. This was considered doubtful by Beekes without giving argument, perhaps from the lack of evidence of a definitive Hittite transmission. For possible further foreign connections compare Egyptian kꜣm especially its earlier forms, its Semitic counterparts, and the Akkadian 𒃾 (GEŠTIN /⁠karānu⁠/, “wine, vine, grapes”). Alternatively perhaps from or related to καρύϊνος (karúïnos, “made of nuts, to be nut-brown in color”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ká.roi̯.non/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈka.ry.non/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.ry.non/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.ry.non/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈka.ri.non/

Noun

κᾰ́ροινον • (kắroinon) n (genitive κᾰροίνου); second declension

carenum, sweet wine boiled down

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ κᾰ́ροινον; τοῦ κᾰροίνου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾰ́ροινον tò kắroinon	τὼ κᾰροίνω tṑ kăroínō	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ροινᾰ tằ kắroină
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰροίνου toû kăroínou	τοῖν κᾰροίνοιν toîn kăroínoin	τῶν κᾰροίνων tôn kăroínōn
Dative	τῷ κᾰροίνῳ tōî kăroínōi	τοῖν κᾰροίνοιν toîn kăroínoin	τοῖς κᾰροίνοις toîs kăroínois
Accusative	τὸ κᾰ́ροινον tò kắroinon	τὼ κᾰροίνω tṑ kăroínō	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ροινᾰ tằ kắroină
Vocative	κᾰ́ροινον kắroinon	κᾰροίνω kăroínō	κᾰ́ροινᾰ kắroină
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Latin: carēnum (see there for further descendants)