κίρκος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Compare κρέξ (kréx, “crane, crex”) and κρίκος (kríkos, “ring”) for the "hawk" and "circle" meanings respectively (the different senses may well be of different origin).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kír.kos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkir.kos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcir.kos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcir.kos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈcir.kos/

Noun

κίρκος • (kírkos) m (genitive κίρκου); second declension

type of hawk or falcon
type of wolf
circle, ring
racecourse, circus
type of stone
(Hesychius) κωπηλάτης (kōpēlátēs, “rower”)
(Hesychius) ἡ τοῦ αἰγείρου βλάστησις (hē toû aigeírou blástēsis, “sprouting of the black poplar”)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ κῐ́ρκος; τοῦ κῐ́ρκου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κῐ́ρκος ho kĭ́rkos	τὼ κῐ́ρκω tṑ kĭ́rkō	οἱ κῐ́ρκοι hoi kĭ́rkoi
Genitive	τοῦ κῐ́ρκου toû kĭ́rkou	τοῖν κῐ́ρκοιν toîn kĭ́rkoin	τῶν κῐ́ρκων tôn kĭ́rkōn
Dative	τῷ κῐ́ρκῳ tōî kĭ́rkōi	τοῖν κῐ́ρκοιν toîn kĭ́rkoin	τοῖς κῐ́ρκοις toîs kĭ́rkois
Accusative	τὸν κῐ́ρκον tòn kĭ́rkon	τὼ κῐ́ρκω tṑ kĭ́rkō	τοὺς κῐ́ρκους toùs kĭ́rkous
Vocative	κῐ́ρκε kĭ́rke	κῐ́ρκω kĭ́rkō	κῐ́ρκοι kĭ́rkoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Latin: circus
- → Translingual: Circus, Circaetus

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κίρκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 702

“κίρκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“κίρκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“κίρκος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
κίρκος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
κίρκος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- falcon idem, page 303.
- hawk idem, page 389.
- vulture idem, page 958.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κίρκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 702

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