καταφεύγω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From κατα- (kata-) + φεύγω (pheúgō).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ka.ta.pʰěu̯.ɡɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ka.taˈpʰew.ɡo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ka.taˈɸeβ.ɣo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ka.taˈfev.ɣo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ka.taˈfev.ɣo/
Verb
κᾰτᾰφεύγω • (kătăpheúgō)
- to flee for refuge or protection
- to have recourse to, fall back upon
- to appeal to
Conjugation
Present: κᾰτᾰφεύγω, κᾰτᾰφεύγομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰτᾰφεύγω | κᾰτᾰφεύγεις | κᾰτᾰφεύγει | κᾰτᾰφεύγετον | κᾰτᾰφεύγετον | κᾰτᾰφεύγομεν | κᾰτᾰφεύγετε | κᾰτᾰφεύγουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτᾰφεύγω | κᾰτᾰφεύγῃς | κᾰτᾰφεύγῃ | κᾰτᾰφεύγητον | κᾰτᾰφεύγητον | κᾰτᾰφεύγωμεν | κᾰτᾰφεύγητε | κᾰτᾰφεύγωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰτᾰφεύγοιμῐ | κᾰτᾰφεύγοις | κᾰτᾰφεύγοι | κᾰτᾰφεύγοιτον | κᾰτᾰφευγοίτην | κᾰτᾰφεύγοιμεν | κᾰτᾰφεύγοιτε | κᾰτᾰφεύγοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτᾰ́φευγε | κᾰτᾰφευγέτω | κᾰτᾰφεύγετον | κᾰτᾰφευγέτων | κᾰτᾰφεύγετε | κᾰτᾰφευγόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτᾰφεύγομαι | κᾰτᾰφεύγῃ / κᾰτᾰφεύγει | κᾰτᾰφεύγεται | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσθον | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσθον | κᾰτᾰφευγόμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσθε | κᾰτᾰφεύγονται | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτᾰφεύγωμαι | κᾰτᾰφεύγῃ | κᾰτᾰφεύγηται | κᾰτᾰφεύγησθον | κᾰτᾰφεύγησθον | κᾰτᾰφευγώμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰφεύγησθε | κᾰτᾰφεύγωνται | |||||
| optative | κᾰτᾰφευγοίμην | κᾰτᾰφεύγοιο | κᾰτᾰφεύγοιτο | κᾰτᾰφεύγοισθον | κᾰτᾰφευγοίσθην | κᾰτᾰφευγοίμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰφεύγοισθε | κᾰτᾰφεύγοιντο | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτᾰφεύγου | κᾰτᾰφευγέσθω | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσθον | κᾰτᾰφευγέσθων | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσθε | κᾰτᾰφευγέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰτᾰφεύγειν | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰτᾰφεύγων | κᾰτᾰφευγόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰτᾰφεύγουσᾰ | κᾰτᾰφευγομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰτᾰφεῦγον | κᾰτᾰφευγόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: κᾰτέφευγον, κᾰτεφευγόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰτέφευγον | κᾰτέφευγες | κᾰτέφευγε(ν) | κᾰτεφεύγετον | κᾰτεφευγέτην | κᾰτεφεύγομεν | κᾰτεφεύγετε | κᾰτέφευγον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτεφευγόμην | κᾰτεφεύγου | κᾰτεφεύγετο | κᾰτεφεύγεσθον | κᾰτεφευγέσθην | κᾰτεφευγόμεθᾰ | κᾰτεφεύγεσθε | κᾰτεφεύγοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰτᾰ́φευγον | κᾰτᾰ́φευγες | κᾰτᾰ́φευγε(ν) | κᾰτᾰφεύγετον | κᾰτᾰφευγέτην | κᾰτᾰφεύγομεν | κᾰτᾰφεύγετε | κᾰτᾰ́φευγον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτᾰφευγόμην | κᾰτᾰφεύγου | κᾰτᾰφεύγετο | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσθον | κᾰτᾰφευγέσθην | κᾰτᾰφευγόμε(σ)θᾰ | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσθε | κᾰτᾰφεύγοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: κᾰτᾰφεύγεσκον, κᾰτᾰφευγεσκόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσκον | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσκες | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσκε(ν) | κᾰτᾰφευγέσκετον | κᾰτᾰφευγεσκέτην | κᾰτᾰφευγέσκομεν | κᾰτᾰφευγέσκετε | κᾰτᾰφεύγεσκον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτᾰφευγεσκόμην | κᾰτᾰφευγέσκου | κᾰτᾰφευγέσκετο | κᾰτᾰφευγέσκεσθον | κᾰτᾰφευγεσκέσθην | κᾰτᾰφευγεσκόμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰφευγέσκεσθε | κᾰτᾰφευγέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: κᾰτᾰφεύξομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | κᾰτᾰφεύξομαι | κᾰτᾰφεύξῃ / κᾰτᾰφεύξει | κᾰτᾰφεύξεται | κᾰτᾰφεύξεσθον | κᾰτᾰφεύξεσθον | κᾰτᾰφευξόμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰφεύξεσθε | κᾰτᾰφεύξονται | ||||
| optative | κᾰτᾰφευξοίμην | κᾰτᾰφεύξοιο | κᾰτᾰφεύξοιτο | κᾰτᾰφεύξοισθον | κᾰτᾰφευξοίσθην | κᾰτᾰφευξοίμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰφεύξοισθε | κᾰτᾰφεύξοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰτᾰφεύξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰτᾰφευξόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | κᾰτᾰφευξομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | κᾰτᾰφευξόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: κᾰτέφῠγον
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰτέφῠγον | κᾰτέφῠγες | κᾰτέφῠγε(ν) | κᾰτεφῠ́γετον | κᾰτεφῠγέτην | κᾰτεφῠ́γομεν | κᾰτεφῠ́γετε | κᾰτέφῠγον | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γω | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γῃς | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γῃ | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γητον | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γητον | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γωμεν | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γητε | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γοιμῐ | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γοις | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γοι | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γοιτον | κᾰτᾰφῠγοίτην | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γοιμεν | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γοιτε | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτᾰ́φῠγε | κᾰτᾰφῠγέτω | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γετον | κᾰτᾰφῠγέτων | κᾰτᾰφῠ́γετε | κᾰτᾰφῠγόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰτᾰφῠγεῖν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰτᾰφῠγών | |||||||||||
| f | κᾰτᾰφῠγοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | κᾰτᾰφῠγόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: κᾰτᾰπέφευγᾰ, κᾰτᾰπέφῠγμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰτᾰπέφευγᾰ | κᾰτᾰπέφευγᾰς | κᾰτᾰπέφευγε(ν) | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγᾰτον | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγᾰτον | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγᾰμεν | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγᾰτε | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγω | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγῃς | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγῃ | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγητον | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγητον | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγωμεν | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγητε | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγοιμῐ / κᾰτᾰπεφευγοίην | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγοις / κᾰτᾰπεφευγοίης | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγοι / κᾰτᾰπεφευγοίη | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγοιτον | κᾰτᾰπεφευγοίτην | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγοιμεν | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγοιτε | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτᾰπέφευγε | κᾰτᾰπεφευγέτω | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγετον | κᾰτᾰπεφευγέτων | κᾰτᾰπεφεύγετε | κᾰτᾰπεφευγόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτᾰπέφῠγμαι | κᾰτᾰπέφῠξαι | κᾰτᾰπέφῠκται | κᾰτᾰπέφῠχθον | κᾰτᾰπέφῠχθον | κᾰτᾰπεφῠ́γμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰπέφῠχθε | κᾰτᾰπεφῠ́γᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένος ὦ | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένος ᾖς | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένος ᾖ | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένω ἦτον | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένω ἦτον | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένοι ὦμεν | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένοι ἦτε | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένος εἴην | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένος εἴης | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένος εἴη | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτᾰπέφῠξο | κᾰτᾰπεφῠ́χθω | κᾰτᾰπέφῠχθον | κᾰτᾰπεφῠ́χθων | κᾰτᾰπέφῠχθε | κᾰτᾰπεφῠ́χθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰτᾰπεφευγέναι | κᾰτᾰπεφῠ́χθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰτᾰπεφευγώς | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰτᾰπεφευγυῖᾰ | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰτᾰπεφευγός | κᾰτᾰπεφῠγμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- καταφευκτέον (katapheuktéon)
- κατάφευξις (katápheuxis)
- καταφυγᾶς (kataphugâs)
- καταφυγγάνω (kataphungánō)
- καταφυγή (kataphugḗ)
- καταφύγιον (kataphúgion)
Further reading
- καταφεύγω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- καταφεύγω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
- “καταφεύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G2703 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- apply idem, page 36.
- betake oneself idem, page 76.
- fly idem, page 331.
- protection idem, page 653.
- recourse idem, page 681.
- refuge idem, page 685.
- resort idem, page 703.
- shelter idem, page 764.
Greek
Etymology
Learnedly, from Ancient Greek καταφεύγω (katapheúgō, “flee, escape”). By surface analysis, κατα- (kata-) + φεύγω (févgo, “leave, depart”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.taˈfev.ɣo/
- Hyphenation: κα‧τα‧φεύ‧γω
Verb
καταφεύγω • (katafévgo) (past κατέφυγα, passive —)
- to resort to something, have recourse to something [with σε (se)]
- to take refuge
- Synonym: απαγκιάζω (apagkiázo)
Conjugation
καταφεύγω (active forms only)
| Active voice ➤ | ||||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | καταφύγω | |||
| 2 sg | καταφεύγεις | καταφύγεις | ||
| 3 sg | καταφεύγει | καταφύγει | ||
| 1 pl | καταφεύγουμε, [‑ομε] | καταφύγουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
| 2 pl | καταφεύγετε | καταφύγετε | ||
| 3 pl | καταφεύγουν(ε) | καταφύγουν(ε) | ||
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | κατέφευγα | κατέφυγα | ||
| 2 sg | κατέφευγες | κατέφυγες | ||
| 3 sg | κατέφευγε | κατέφυγε | ||
| 1 pl | καταφεύγαμε | καταφύγαμε | ||
| 2 pl | καταφεύγατε | καταφύγατε | ||
| 3 pl | κατέφευγαν, καταφεύγαν(ε) | κατέφυγαν, καταφύγαν(ε) | ||
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | θα ➤ | θα καταφύγω ➤ | ||
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα καταφεύγεις, … | θα καταφύγεις, … | ||
| Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … καταφύγει | |||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … καταφύγει | |||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … καταφύγει | |||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
| 2 sg | κατάφευγε | [κατάφυγε] | ||
| 2 pl | καταφεύγετε | καταφύγετε | ||
| Other forms | ||||
| Active present participle ➤ | καταφεύγοντας ➤ | |||
| Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας καταφύγει ➤ | |||
| Passive perfect participle ➤ | — | |||
| Nonfinite form ➤ | καταφύγει | |||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms
Further reading
- καταφεύγω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language