κυκάω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- κυκανάω (kukanáō) — poetic
Etymology
Uncertain. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *keuk- (“to whirl, mix”), related to Lithuanian šaukštas (“spoon”), but Beekes says this is unlikely. Furnee derives it from Pre-Greek and compares κυρκανάω (kurkanáō, “to contrive, mix”). Compare also Sanskrit खजति (khajati).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ky.ká.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kyˈka.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /cyˈka.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /cyˈka.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ciˈka.o/
Verb
κῠκᾰ́ω • (kŭkắō)
Inflection
Present: κῠκᾰ́ω, κῠκᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κῠκᾰ́ω | κῠκᾰ́εις | κῠκᾰ́ει | κῠκᾰ́ετον | κῠκᾰ́ετον | κῠκᾰ́ομεν | κῠκᾰ́ετε | κῠκᾰ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κῠκᾰ́ω | κῠκᾰ́ῃς | κῠκᾰ́ῃ | κῠκᾰ́ητον | κῠκᾰ́ητον | κῠκᾰ́ωμεν | κῠκᾰ́ητε | κῠκᾰ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κῠκᾰ́οιμῐ | κῠκᾰ́οις | κῠκᾰ́οι | κῠκᾰ́οιτον | κῠκᾰοίτην | κῠκᾰ́οιμεν | κῠκᾰ́οιτε | κῠκᾰ́οιεν | |||||
| imperative | κῠ́κᾰε | κῠκᾰέτω | κῠκᾰ́ετον | κῠκᾰέτων | κῠκᾰ́ετε | κῠκᾰόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κῠκᾰ́ομαι | κῠκᾰ́ῃ / κῠκᾰ́ει | κῠκᾰ́εται | κῠκᾰ́εσθον | κῠκᾰ́εσθον | κῠκᾰόμεθᾰ | κῠκᾰ́εσθε | κῠκᾰ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | κῠκᾰ́ωμαι | κῠκᾰ́ῃ | κῠκᾰ́ηται | κῠκᾰ́ησθον | κῠκᾰ́ησθον | κῠκᾰώμεθᾰ | κῠκᾰ́ησθε | κῠκᾰ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | κῠκᾰοίμην | κῠκᾰ́οιο | κῠκᾰ́οιτο | κῠκᾰ́οισθον | κῠκᾰοίσθην | κῠκᾰοίμεθᾰ | κῠκᾰ́οισθε | κῠκᾰ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | κῠκᾰ́ου | κῠκᾰέσθω | κῠκᾰ́εσθον | κῠκᾰέσθων | κῠκᾰ́εσθε | κῠκᾰέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κῠκᾰ́ειν | κῠκᾰ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κῠκᾰ́ων | κῠκᾰόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κῠκᾰ́ουσᾰ | κῠκᾰομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κῠκᾰ́ον | κῠκᾰόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: κῠκῶ, κῠκῶμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κῠκῶ | κῠκᾷς | κῠκᾷ | κῠκᾶτον | κῠκᾶτον | κῠκῶμεν | κῠκᾶτε | κῠκῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κῠκῶ | κῠκᾷς | κῠκᾷ | κῠκᾶτον | κῠκᾶτον | κῠκῶμεν | κῠκᾶτε | κῠκῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κῠκῴην / κῠκῷμῐ | κῠκῴης / κῠκῷς | κῠκῴη / κῠκῷ | κῠκῷτον / κῠκῴητον | κῠκῴτην / κῠκῳήτην | κῠκῷμεν / κῠκῴημεν | κῠκῷτε / κῠκῴητε | κῠκῷεν / κῠκῴησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | κῠ́κᾱ | κῠκᾱ́τω | κῠκᾶτον | κῠκᾱ́των | κῠκᾶτε | κῠκώντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κῠκῶμαι | κῠκᾷ | κῠκᾶται | κῠκᾶσθον | κῠκᾶσθον | κῠκώμεθᾰ | κῠκᾶσθε | κῠκῶνται | ||||
| subjunctive | κῠκῶμαι | κῠκᾷ | κῠκᾶται | κῠκᾶσθον | κῠκᾶσθον | κῠκώμεθᾰ | κῠκᾶσθε | κῠκῶνται | |||||
| optative | κῠκῴμην | κῠκῷο | κῠκῷτο | κῠκῷσθον | κῠκῴσθην | κῠκῴμεθᾰ | κῠκῷσθε | κῠκῷντο | |||||
| imperative | κῠκῶ | κῠκᾱ́σθω | κῠκᾶσθον | κῠκᾱ́σθων | κῠκᾶσθε | κῠκᾱ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κῠκᾶν | κῠκᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κῠκῶν | κῠκώμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κῠκῶσᾰ | κῠκωμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κῠκῶν | κῠκώμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐκῠ́κᾰον, ἐκῠκᾰόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκῠ́κᾰον | ἐκῠ́κᾰες | ἐκῠ́κᾰε(ν) | ἐκῠκᾰ́ετον | ἐκῠκᾰέτην | ἐκῠκᾰ́ομεν | ἐκῠκᾰ́ετε | ἐκῠ́κᾰον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκῠκᾰόμην | ἐκῠκᾰ́ου | ἐκῠκᾰ́ετο | ἐκῠκᾰ́εσθον | ἐκῠκᾰέσθην | ἐκῠκᾰόμεθᾰ | ἐκῠκᾰ́εσθε | ἐκῠκᾰ́οντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐκῠ́κων, ἐκῠκώμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκῠ́κων | ἐκῠ́κᾱς | ἐκῠ́κᾱ | ἐκῠκᾶτον | ἐκῠκᾱ́την | ἐκῠκῶμεν | ἐκῠκᾶτε | ἐκῠ́κων | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκῠκώμην | ἐκῠκῶ | ἐκῠκᾶτο | ἐκῠκᾶσθον | ἐκῠκᾱ́σθην | ἐκῠκώμεθᾰ | ἐκῠκᾶσθε | ἐκῠκῶντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: κῠκήσω, κῠκήσομαι, κῠκηθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κῠκήσω | κῠκήσεις | κῠκήσει | κῠκήσετον | κῠκήσετον | κῠκήσομεν | κῠκήσετε | κῠκήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | κῠκήσοιμῐ | κῠκήσοις | κῠκήσοι | κῠκήσοιτον | κῠκησοίτην | κῠκήσοιμεν | κῠκήσοιτε | κῠκήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | κῠκήσομαι | κῠκήσῃ / κῠκήσει | κῠκήσεται | κῠκήσεσθον | κῠκήσεσθον | κῠκησόμεθᾰ | κῠκήσεσθε | κῠκήσονται | ||||
| optative | κῠκησοίμην | κῠκήσοιο | κῠκήσοιτο | κῠκήσοισθον | κῠκησοίσθην | κῠκησοίμεθᾰ | κῠκήσοισθε | κῠκήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | κῠκηθήσομαι | κῠκηθήσῃ | κῠκηθήσεται | κῠκηθήσεσθον | κῠκηθήσεσθον | κῠκηθησόμεθᾰ | κῠκηθήσεσθε | κῠκηθήσονται | ||||
| optative | κῠκηθησοίμην | κῠκηθήσοιο | κῠκηθήσοιτο | κῠκηθήσοισθον | κῠκηθησοίσθην | κῠκηθησοίμεθᾰ | κῠκηθήσοισθε | κῠκηθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | κῠκήσειν | κῠκήσεσθαι | κῠκηθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | κῠκήσων | κῠκησόμενος | κῠκηθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | κῠκήσουσᾰ | κῠκησομένη | κῠκηθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | κῠκῆσον | κῠκησόμενον | κῠκηθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐκῠ́κησᾰ, ἐκῠκησᾰ́μην, ἐκῠκήθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκῠ́κησᾰ | ἐκῠ́κησᾰς | ἐκῠ́κησε(ν) | ἐκῠκήσᾰτον | ἐκῠκησᾰ́την | ἐκῠκήσᾰμεν | ἐκῠκήσᾰτε | ἐκῠ́κησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | κῠκήσω | κῠκήσῃς | κῠκήσῃ | κῠκήσητον | κῠκήσητον | κῠκήσωμεν | κῠκήσητε | κῠκήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κῠκήσαιμῐ | κῠκήσειᾰς / κῠκήσαις | κῠκήσειε(ν) / κῠκήσαι | κῠκήσαιτον | κῠκησαίτην | κῠκήσαιμεν | κῠκήσαιτε | κῠκήσειᾰν / κῠκήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | κῠ́κησον | κῠκησᾰ́τω | κῠκήσᾰτον | κῠκησᾰ́των | κῠκήσᾰτε | κῠκησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐκῠκησᾰ́μην | ἐκῠκήσω | ἐκῠκήσᾰτο | ἐκῠκήσᾰσθον | ἐκῠκησᾰ́σθην | ἐκῠκησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκῠκήσᾰσθε | ἐκῠκήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | κῠκήσωμαι | κῠκήσῃ | κῠκήσηται | κῠκήσησθον | κῠκήσησθον | κῠκησώμεθᾰ | κῠκήσησθε | κῠκήσωνται | |||||
| optative | κῠκησαίμην | κῠκήσαιο | κῠκήσαιτο | κῠκήσαισθον | κῠκησαίσθην | κῠκησαίμεθᾰ | κῠκήσαισθε | κῠκήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | κῠ́κησαι | κῠκησᾰ́σθω | κῠκήσᾰσθον | κῠκησᾰ́σθων | κῠκήσᾰσθε | κῠκησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐκῠκήθην | ἐκῠκήθης | ἐκῠκήθη | ἐκῠκήθητον | ἐκῠκηθήτην | ἐκῠκήθημεν | ἐκῠκήθητε | ἐκῠκήθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | κῠκηθῶ | κῠκηθῇς | κῠκηθῇ | κῠκηθῆτον | κῠκηθῆτον | κῠκηθῶμεν | κῠκηθῆτε | κῠκηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κῠκηθείην | κῠκηθείης | κῠκηθείη | κῠκηθεῖτον / κῠκηθείητον | κῠκηθείτην / κῠκηθειήτην | κῠκηθεῖμεν / κῠκηθείημεν | κῠκηθεῖτε / κῠκηθείητε | κῠκηθεῖεν / κῠκηθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | κῠκήθητῐ | κῠκηθήτω | κῠκήθητον | κῠκηθήτων | κῠκήθητε | κῠκηθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | κῠκῆσαι | κῠκήσᾰσθαι | κῠκηθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | κῠκήσᾱς | κῠκησᾰ́μενος | κῠκηθείς | |||||||||
| f | κῠκήσᾱσᾰ | κῠκησᾰμένη | κῠκηθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | κῠκῆσᾰν | κῠκησᾰ́μενον | κῠκηθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀμφικυκάω (amphikukáō)
- ἀνακυκάω (anakukáō)
- διακυκάω (diakukáō)
- ἐγκυκάω (enkukáō)
- κατακυκάω (katakukáō)
- συγκυκάω (sunkukáō)
Related terms
- κυκεία (kukeía)
- κυκεών (kukeṓn)
- κυκήθρα (kukḗthra)
- κύκηθρον (kúkēthron)
- κύκησις (kúkēsis)
- κυκητής (kukētḗs)
References
- “κυκάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κυκάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κυκάω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κυκάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κυκάω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “597”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 597