λυτρόω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From λύτρον (lútron, “ransom”) + -όω (-óō, verb-forming suffix)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ly.tró.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /lyˈtro.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /lyˈtro.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /lyˈtro.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /liˈtro.o/
Verb
λυτρόω • (lutróō)
- to release on receipt of a ransom, hold to ransom, for such a sum as is agreed on, redeem a pledge, release by payment of ransom, redeem, to be ransomed
- (passive voice) to be released from an obligation
- (mistranslation of hebrew) to "break the neck"
Conjugation
Present: λυτρόω, λυτρόομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λυτρόω | λυτρόεις | λυτρόει | λυτρόετον | λυτρόετον | λυτρόομεν | λυτρόετε | λυτρόουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | λυτρόω | λυτρόῃς | λυτρόῃ | λυτρόητον | λυτρόητον | λυτρόωμεν | λυτρόητε | λυτρόωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λυτρόοιμῐ | λυτρόοις | λυτρόοι | λυτρόοιτον | λυτροοίτην | λυτρόοιμεν | λυτρόοιτε | λυτρόοιεν | |||||
| imperative | λύτροε | λυτροέτω | λυτρόετον | λυτροέτων | λυτρόετε | λυτροόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | λυτρόομαι | λυτρόῃ / λυτρόει | λυτρόεται | λυτρόεσθον | λυτρόεσθον | λυτροόμεθᾰ | λυτρόεσθε | λυτρόονται | ||||
| subjunctive | λυτρόωμαι | λυτρόῃ | λυτρόηται | λυτρόησθον | λυτρόησθον | λυτροώμεθᾰ | λυτρόησθε | λυτρόωνται | |||||
| optative | λυτροοίμην | λυτρόοιο | λυτρόοιτο | λυτρόοισθον | λυτροοίσθην | λυτροοίμεθᾰ | λυτρόοισθε | λυτρόοιντο | |||||
| imperative | λυτρόου | λυτροέσθω | λυτρόεσθον | λυτροέσθων | λυτρόεσθε | λυτροέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | λυτρόειν | λυτρόεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | λυτρόων | λυτροόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | λυτρόουσᾰ | λυτροομένη | |||||||||||
| n | λυτρόον | λυτροόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: λυτρῶ, λυτροῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λυτρῶ | λυτροῖς | λυτροῖ | λυτροῦτον | λυτροῦτον | λυτροῦμεν | λυτροῦτε | λυτροῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | λυτρῶ | λυτροῖς | λυτροῖ | λυτρῶτον | λυτρῶτον | λυτρῶμεν | λυτρῶτε | λυτρῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λυτροίην / λυτροῖμῐ | λυτροίης / λυτροῖς | λυτροίη / λυτροῖ | λυτροῖτον / λυτροίητον | λυτροίτην / λυτροιήτην | λυτροῖμεν / λυτροίημεν | λυτροῖτε / λυτροίητε | λυτροῖεν / λυτροίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | λύτρου | λυτρούτω | λυτροῦτον | λυτρούτων | λυτροῦτε | λυτρούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | λυτροῦμαι | λυτροῖ | λυτροῦται | λυτροῦσθον | λυτροῦσθον | λυτρούμεθᾰ | λυτροῦσθε | λυτροῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | λυτρῶμαι | λυτροῖ | λυτρῶται | λυτρῶσθον | λυτρῶσθον | λυτρώμεθᾰ | λυτρῶσθε | λυτρῶνται | |||||
| optative | λυτροίμην | λυτροῖο | λυτροῖτο | λυτροῖσθον | λυτροίσθην | λυτροίμεθᾰ | λυτροῖσθε | λυτροῖντο | |||||
| imperative | λυτροῦ | λυτρούσθω | λυτροῦσθον | λυτρούσθων | λυτροῦσθε | λυτρούσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | λυτροῦν | λυτροῦσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | λυτρῶν | λυτρούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | λυτροῦσᾰ | λυτρουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | λυτροῦν | λυτρούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐλύτροον, ἐλυτροόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐλύτροον | ἐλύτροες | ἐλύτροε(ν) | ἐλυτρόετον | ἐλυτροέτην | ἐλυτρόομεν | ἐλυτρόετε | ἐλύτροον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐλυτροόμην | ἐλυτρόου | ἐλυτρόετο | ἐλυτρόεσθον | ἐλυτροέσθην | ἐλυτροόμεθᾰ | ἐλυτρόεσθε | ἐλυτρόοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐλύτρουν, ἐλυτρούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐλύτρουν | ἐλύτρους | ἐλύτρου | ἐλυτροῦτον | ἐλυτρούτην | ἐλυτροῦμεν | ἐλυτροῦτε | ἐλύτρουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐλυτρούμην | ἐλυτροῦ | ἐλυτροῦτο | ἐλυτροῦσθον | ἐλυτρούσθην | ἐλυτρούμεθᾰ | ἐλυτροῦσθε | ἐλυτροῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: λυτρώσω, λυτρώσομαι, λυτρωθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λυτρώσω | λυτρώσεις | λυτρώσει | λυτρώσετον | λυτρώσετον | λυτρώσομεν | λυτρώσετε | λυτρώσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | λυτρώσοιμῐ | λυτρώσοις | λυτρώσοι | λυτρώσοιτον | λυτρωσοίτην | λυτρώσοιμεν | λυτρώσοιτε | λυτρώσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | λυτρώσομαι | λυτρώσῃ / λυτρώσει | λυτρώσεται | λυτρώσεσθον | λυτρώσεσθον | λυτρωσόμεθᾰ | λυτρώσεσθε | λυτρώσονται | ||||
| optative | λυτρωσοίμην | λυτρώσοιο | λυτρώσοιτο | λυτρώσοισθον | λυτρωσοίσθην | λυτρωσοίμεθᾰ | λυτρώσοισθε | λυτρώσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | λυτρωθήσομαι | λυτρωθήσῃ | λυτρωθήσεται | λυτρωθήσεσθον | λυτρωθήσεσθον | λυτρωθησόμεθᾰ | λυτρωθήσεσθε | λυτρωθήσονται | ||||
| optative | λυτρωθησοίμην | λυτρωθήσοιο | λυτρωθήσοιτο | λυτρωθήσοισθον | λυτρωθησοίσθην | λυτρωθησοίμεθᾰ | λυτρωθήσοισθε | λυτρωθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | λυτρώσειν | λυτρώσεσθαι | λυτρωθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | λυτρώσων | λυτρωσόμενος | λυτρωθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | λυτρώσουσᾰ | λυτρωσομένη | λυτρωθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | λυτρῶσον | λυτρωσόμενον | λυτρωθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐλύτρωσᾰ, ἐλυτρωσᾰ́μην, ἐλυτρώθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐλύτρωσᾰ | ἐλύτρωσᾰς | ἐλύτρωσε(ν) | ἐλυτρώσᾰτον | ἐλυτρωσᾰ́την | ἐλυτρώσᾰμεν | ἐλυτρώσᾰτε | ἐλύτρωσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | λυτρώσω | λυτρώσῃς | λυτρώσῃ | λυτρώσητον | λυτρώσητον | λυτρώσωμεν | λυτρώσητε | λυτρώσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λυτρώσαιμῐ | λυτρώσειᾰς / λυτρώσαις | λυτρώσειε(ν) / λυτρώσαι | λυτρώσαιτον | λυτρωσαίτην | λυτρώσαιμεν | λυτρώσαιτε | λυτρώσειᾰν / λυτρώσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | λύτρωσον | λυτρωσᾰ́τω | λυτρώσᾰτον | λυτρωσᾰ́των | λυτρώσᾰτε | λυτρωσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐλυτρωσᾰ́μην | ἐλυτρώσω | ἐλυτρώσᾰτο | ἐλυτρώσᾰσθον | ἐλυτρωσᾰ́σθην | ἐλυτρωσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐλυτρώσᾰσθε | ἐλυτρώσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | λυτρώσωμαι | λυτρώσῃ | λυτρώσηται | λυτρώσησθον | λυτρώσησθον | λυτρωσώμεθᾰ | λυτρώσησθε | λυτρώσωνται | |||||
| optative | λυτρωσαίμην | λυτρώσαιο | λυτρώσαιτο | λυτρώσαισθον | λυτρωσαίσθην | λυτρωσαίμεθᾰ | λυτρώσαισθε | λυτρώσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | λύτρωσαι | λυτρωσᾰ́σθω | λυτρώσᾰσθον | λυτρωσᾰ́σθων | λυτρώσᾰσθε | λυτρωσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐλυτρώθην | ἐλυτρώθης | ἐλυτρώθη | ἐλυτρώθητον | ἐλυτρωθήτην | ἐλυτρώθημεν | ἐλυτρώθητε | ἐλυτρώθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | λυτρωθῶ | λυτρωθῇς | λυτρωθῇ | λυτρωθῆτον | λυτρωθῆτον | λυτρωθῶμεν | λυτρωθῆτε | λυτρωθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λυτρωθείην | λυτρωθείης | λυτρωθείη | λυτρωθεῖτον / λυτρωθείητον | λυτρωθείτην / λυτρωθειήτην | λυτρωθεῖμεν / λυτρωθείημεν | λυτρωθεῖτε / λυτρωθείητε | λυτρωθεῖεν / λυτρωθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | λυτρώθητῐ | λυτρωθήτω | λυτρώθητον | λυτρωθήτων | λυτρώθητε | λυτρωθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | λυτρῶσαι | λυτρώσᾰσθαι | λυτρωθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | λυτρώσᾱς | λυτρωσᾰ́μενος | λυτρωθείς | |||||||||
| f | λυτρώσᾱσᾰ | λυτρωσᾰμένη | λυτρωθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | λυτρῶσᾰν | λυτρωσᾰ́μενον | λυτρωθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: λελύτρωκᾰ, λελύτρωμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λελύτρωκᾰ | λελύτρωκᾰς | λελύτρωκε(ν) | λελυτρώκᾰτον | λελυτρώκᾰτον | λελυτρώκᾰμεν | λελυτρώκᾰτε | λελυτρώκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | λελυτρώκω | λελυτρώκῃς | λελυτρώκῃ | λελυτρώκητον | λελυτρώκητον | λελυτρώκωμεν | λελυτρώκητε | λελυτρώκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λελυτρώκοιμῐ / λελυτρωκοίην | λελυτρώκοις / λελυτρωκοίης | λελυτρώκοι / λελυτρωκοίη | λελυτρώκοιτον | λελυτρωκοίτην | λελυτρώκοιμεν | λελυτρώκοιτε | λελυτρώκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | λελύτρωκε | λελυτρωκέτω | λελυτρώκετον | λελυτρωκέτων | λελυτρώκετε | λελυτρωκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | λελύτρωμαι | λελύτρωσαι | λελύτρωται | λελύτρωσθον | λελύτρωσθον | λελυτρώμεθᾰ | λελύτρωσθε | λελύτρωνται | ||||
| subjunctive | λελυτρωμένος ὦ | λελυτρωμένος ᾖς | λελυτρωμένος ᾖ | λελυτρωμένω ἦτον | λελυτρωμένω ἦτον | λελυτρωμένοι ὦμεν | λελυτρωμένοι ἦτε | λελυτρωμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λελυτρωμένος εἴην | λελυτρωμένος εἴης | λελυτρωμένος εἴη | λελυτρωμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | λελυτρωμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | λελυτρωμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | λελυτρωμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | λελυτρωμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | λελύτρωσο | λελυτρώσθω | λελύτρωσθον | λελυτρώσθων | λελύτρωσθε | λελυτρώσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | λελυτρωκέναι | λελυτρῶσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | λελυτρωκώς | λελυτρωμένος | ||||||||||
| f | λελυτρωκυῖᾰ | λελυτρωμένη | |||||||||||
| n | λελυτρωκός | λελυτρωμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐλελυτρώκειν / ἐλελυτρώκη, ἐλελυτρώμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐλελυτρώκειν / ἐλελυτρώκη | ἐλελυτρώκεις / ἐλελυτρώκης | ἐλελυτρώκει(ν) | ἐλελυτρώκετον | ἐλελυτρωκέτην | ἐλελυτρώκεμεν | ἐλελυτρώκετε | ἐλελυτρώκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐλελυτρώμην | ἐλελύτρωσο | ἐλελύτρωτο | ἐλελύτρωσθον | ἐλελυτρώσθην | ἐλελυτρώμεθᾰ | ἐλελύτρωσθε | ἐλελύτρωντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
- διαλύτρωσις (dialútrōsis)
Further reading
- “λυτρόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “λυτρόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- λυτρόω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- λυτρόω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011