μαλθακός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μολθακός (molthakós) — Aeolic

Etymology

Formation like μαλακός (malakós, “soft, tender”); the two synonymous adjectives may have influenced each other. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“soft”), like Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“soft”) and Sanskrit मर्धति (mardhati, “to abandon, neglect”). However, Beekes considers the word Pre-Greek, because *ml̥dʰ- would yield *βλαθ- (*blath-). Moreover, this word cannot be cognate with μαλακός (malakós), as the latter must go back to *mlh₂-ek and there is no trace of the h₂- in the former.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mal.tʰa.kós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /mal.tʰaˈkos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /mal.θaˈkos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /mal.θaˈkos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /mal.θaˈkos/

Adjective

μᾰλθᾰκός • (mălthăkós) m (feminine μᾰλθᾰκή, neuter μᾰλθᾰκόν); first/second declension

soft, tender, mellow
(figuratively) weak, feeble
gentle, mild, mellow

Inflection

First and second declension of μᾰλθᾰκός; μᾰλθᾰκή; μᾰλθᾰκόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	μᾰλθᾰκός mălthăkós	μᾰλθᾰκή mălthăkḗ	μᾰλθᾰκόν mălthăkón	μᾰλθᾰκώ mălthăkṓ	μᾰλθᾰκᾱ́ mălthăkā́	μᾰλθᾰκώ mălthăkṓ	μᾰλθᾰκοί mălthăkoí	μᾰλθᾰκαί mălthăkaí	μᾰλθᾰκᾰ́ mălthăkắ
Genitive	μᾰλθᾰκοῦ mălthăkoû	μᾰλθᾰκῆς mălthăkês	μᾰλθᾰκοῦ mălthăkoû	μᾰλθᾰκοῖν mălthăkoîn	μᾰλθᾰκαῖν mălthăkaîn	μᾰλθᾰκοῖν mălthăkoîn	μᾰλθᾰκῶν mălthăkôn	μᾰλθᾰκῶν mălthăkôn	μᾰλθᾰκῶν mălthăkôn
Dative	μᾰλθᾰκῷ mălthăkōî	μᾰλθᾰκῇ mălthăkēî	μᾰλθᾰκῷ mălthăkōî	μᾰλθᾰκοῖν mălthăkoîn	μᾰλθᾰκαῖν mălthăkaîn	μᾰλθᾰκοῖν mălthăkoîn	μᾰλθᾰκοῖς mălthăkoîs	μᾰλθᾰκαῖς mălthăkaîs	μᾰλθᾰκοῖς mălthăkoîs
Accusative	μᾰλθᾰκόν mălthăkón	μᾰλθᾰκήν mălthăkḗn	μᾰλθᾰκόν mălthăkón	μᾰλθᾰκώ mălthăkṓ	μᾰλθᾰκᾱ́ mălthăkā́	μᾰλθᾰκώ mălthăkṓ	μᾰλθᾰκούς mălthăkoús	μᾰλθᾰκᾱ́ς mălthăkā́s	μᾰλθᾰκᾰ́ mălthăkắ
Vocative	μᾰλθᾰκέ mălthăké	μᾰλθᾰκή mălthăkḗ	μᾰλθᾰκόν mălthăkón	μᾰλθᾰκώ mălthăkṓ	μᾰλθᾰκᾱ́ mălthăkā́	μᾰλθᾰκώ mălthăkṓ	μᾰλθᾰκοί mălthăkoí	μᾰλθᾰκαί mălthăkaí	μᾰλθᾰκᾰ́ mălthăkắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	μᾰλθᾰκῶς mălthăkôs			μᾰλθᾰκώτερος mălthăkṓteros			μᾰλθᾰκώτᾰτος mălthăkṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

μαλθακευνία (malthakeunía)
μαλθακία (malthakía)
μαλθακίζομαι (malthakízomai)
μαλθακιστέον (malthakistéon)
μαλθακότης (malthakótēs)
μαλθακόφωνος (malthakóphōnos)
μαλθακτήριον (malthaktḗrion)
μαλθακτικός (malthaktikós)
μαλθακώδης (malthakṓdēs)