παρίστημι

• πᾰρᾰστάνω (părăstánō), πᾰριστάνω (păristánō), πᾰριστάω (păristáō)

From πᾰρᾰ́ (părắ, “near”) +‎ ῐ̔́στημῐ (hĭ́stēmĭ, “to stand”).

πᾰρῐ́στημῐ • (părĭ́stēmĭ)

1. (transitive)
   1. to cause to stand by, to place beside
      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.72.9:

        τοὺς δ’ ἱππεῖς διελὼν ἐφ’ ἑκάτερον παρέστησε τὸ κέρας

        toùs d’ hippeîs dielṑn eph’ hekáteron paréstēse tò kéras

        dividing his cavalry he placed half on each wing

      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.113.8
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 175
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Timotheus 35
   2. to set before the mind, present; to inspire
      • 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac 1:

        οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν […] οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν

        hoi tà toiaûta légontes ḕ tḕn hupóthesin […] oukhì tḕn oûsan paristántes humîn hamartánein

        these orators commit the error of not laying before you the true subject

      • 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 72:

        οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργήν, ἀλλ’ ἡ ἀτιμία

        ou gàr hē plēgḕ paréstēse tḕn orgḗn, all’ hē atimía

        For it was not the blow but the indignity that roused the anger.

      1. to dispose (put in place) a person
         • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Anger 28W
         • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Theseus 35
      2. to represent, describe in poetry
         • 1 CE – 100 CE, Lucius Annaeus Cornutus, De Natura Deorum 1
         • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On the Good King According to Homer 65O
         • 160 CE – 210 CE, Sextus Empiricus, Against the Mathematicians 7.310
      3. to furnish, supply, deliver
      4. to make good, prove, show
         • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Eratosthenes 51
         • New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 24:13
         • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Anger 85W
      5. to present, offer, commend
         • New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 6:13
         • 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 8:8
      6. to render
         • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.676c
      7. (later Greek) to produce in court
   3. to set side by side, compare
      • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panathenaicus 40:

        οὕτω καὶ ταῖς πόλεσι παριστάναι μὴ τὰς μικρὰς ταῖς μεγάλαις

        hoútō kaì taîs pólesi paristánai mḕ tàs mikràs taîs megálais

        so also in the case of states to compare not the small with the great

2. (intransitive)
   1. to stand by, stand near
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.442:

        ὣς φάθ’, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη

        hṑs pháth’, hò dè xunéēke, théōn dé hoi ánkhi paréstē

        So spoke he, and the other hearkened, and running stood near him

      1. to stand by, help, defend
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.254:

           κλῦθί μευ […] ἥ τέ μοι αἰεὶ ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι παρίστασαι

           klûthí meu […] hḗ té moi aieì en pántessi pónoisi parístasai

           Hear me […] thou that dost ever stand by my side in all manner of toils

   2. to come, to be at hand
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.853:

        ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος

        allá toi ḗdē ánkhi paréstēken thánatos

        but even now death is near at hand

      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.467:

        νῆες δ’ ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέσταν οἶνον ἄγουσαι πολλαί

        nêes d’ ek Lḗmnoio paréstan oînon ágousai pollaí

        And ships full many were at hand from Lemnos

   3. to come over to a side, to change opinion, come to terms, surrender, submit
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.99:

        ἐς ὃ καὶ οἱ Καρύστιοι παρέστησαν ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην

        es hò kaì hoi Karústioi paréstēsan es tôn Perséōn tḕn gnṓmēn

        until the Carystians too came over to the Persians' side

   4. to happen, occur
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.23:

        ἐν τῷ βίῳ θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι

        en tōî bíōi thôma mégiston parastênai

        the greatest marvel to happen to him in his life

   5. to occur to one (as a thought)
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.61:

        παρεστάναι δὲ μηδενὶ ὡς οἱ μὲν Δωριῆς ἡμῶν πολέμιοι τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις

        parestánai dè mēdenì hōs hoi mèn Dōriês hēmôn polémioi toîs Athēnaíois

        but it should occur to nobody that the Dorians are only enemies of Athens

   6. to be disposed
      • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On the Good King According to Homer 45O
      • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Music 71K
      1. to collect oneself
         • 86 CE – 160 CE, Arrian, Fr. 161J
         • 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 17.43
         • 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 17.99
         • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alcibiades 19
      2. to improve with age (of wine), ripen
         • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 5.8
         • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 6.14.10
   7. to be beside oneself
      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 18.53.6:

        ὁ δ’ οὕτως παρειστήκει τῶν φρενῶν

        ho d’ hoútōs pareistḗkei tôn phrenôn

        whereupon Scopas was so infatuated

      1. to be passionately devoted to
         • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Letters 17

The present, imperfect, future, aorist 1, and first perfect active forms govern the transitive senses, while the middle tenses, aorist 2 and active perfect and pluperfect forms govern the intransitive.

• “παρίστημι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “παρίστημι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “παρίστημι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• παρίστημι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• παρίστημι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G3936 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible