προβάλλω

From προ- (pro-, “before”) +‎ βάλλω (bállō, “throw, cast”).

προβᾰ́λλω • (probắllō)

1. (active voice)
   1. to throw or lay before, throw to
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.331
   2. to put forward as a defense
      • 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 261A
      1. to put forward, begin
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.529
      2. to put forward as an argument or plea
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 810
      3. to put forward or propose for an office
         • 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 17.19
      4. to propose a question, task, problem, riddle
         • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 757
      5. to put forth beyond
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 740
   3. to expose, give up
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.141
   4. to send forth, emit
      • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.50
   5. (intransitive) to fall forward
      • Scholium on Aristophanes' Birds 487
2. (medium and perfect passive)
   1. to throw or toss before one, to throw away, expose
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1007
      1. to lay before or first
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.255
      2. to set before oneself, propose to oneself
         • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 777
      3. to put forward, propose for election
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.98
   2. to throw beyond, beat in throwing; to surpass, excel
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.218
   3. to hold before oneself so as to protect
      • Tyrtaeus 12.3
      1. (figurative) to put forward
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 293.20
         1. to bring forward or cite on one's own part, in defense
            • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laches 201B
      2. to put before
         • The Histories, 3.72,9
   4. (Attic law) to accuse a person before the Ecclesia by the process called προβολή (probolḗ), literally to present him as guilty of the offense
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 514.6

• “προβάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “προβάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “προβάλλω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• προβάλλω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• προβάλλω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G4261 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Inherited from Ancient Greek προβάλλω (probállō), with learned semantic loan from French projeter and English project.^[1] By surface analysis, προ- (pro-) +‎ βάλλω (vállo).

• IPA^(key): /pɾoˈva.lo/
• Hyphenation: προ‧βάλ‧λω

προβάλλω • (provállo) (imperfect προέβαλλα/πρόβαλλα, past προέβαλα/πρόβαλα, passive προβάλλομαι, p‑past προβλήθηκα, ppp προβεβλημένος)

1. (intransitive) to present itself

   Synonym: παρουσιάζομαι (parousiázomai)

2. (transitive) to project (to cast (an image or shadow) upon a surface; to throw or cast forward; to shoot forth)
3. (transitive) to promote (to attempt to popularize)
4. (transitive) to put forward, to present, to raise (:argument, objection, etc.)
5. (transitive, geometry) to project
6. (transitive, psychology, psychoanalysis) to project (to assume qualities or mindsets in others based on one's own personality)