πῦρ
See also: πυρ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *pāwər, from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥. The noun was changed to a pure R-stem noun; if it retained the oblique N-stem forms of its ancestor, its oblique base would have been *πυν- (*pun-).
Cognates include Old English fȳr (English fire), Old Armenian հուր (hur), Hittite 𒉺𒄴𒄯 (pa-aḫ-ḫur /paḫḫur/), Tocharian A por, and Tocharian B puwar. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀢𐀏𐀺 (pu-ka-wo /pur-kawos/, “fire-kindler”), Etruscan 𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌄 (verse).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pŷːr/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pyr/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /pyr/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /pyr/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /pir/
Noun
πῦρ • (pûr) n (genitive πῠρός); third declension
Usage notes
Not used in plural, but there is a related second-declension plural noun πῠρᾰ́ (pŭrắ, “watchfires”); distinguish this from the first-declension noun πῠρᾱ́ (pŭrā́, “funeral pyre”).
Declension
Derived terms
- ἐμπύριος (empúrios)
- ζᾰ́πῠρος (zắpŭros)
- ἰσόπῠρον (isópŭron)
- κεβλήπῠρῐς (keblḗpŭrĭs)
- πῠρᾱ́ (pŭrā́)
- πυράζω (purázō)
- πυρακτέω (puraktéō)
- πυραυγής (puraugḗs)
- πύραυνος (púraunos)
- πῠ́ρδᾰλον (pŭ́rdălon)
- πυρία (puría)
- Πυριλάμπης (Purilámpēs)
- πυριφεγγής (puriphengḗs)
- πυρίφλογος (puríphlogos)
- πυριφόρος (puriphóros)
- πυρκαϊά (purkaïá)
- πυρρός (purrhós)
- πύρωμα (púrōma)
- ὑπόπῠρος (hupópŭros)
Descendants
Further reading
- “πῦρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πῦρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πῦρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πῦρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- πῦρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πῦρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4442 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- blaze idem, page 82.
- conflagration idem, page 159.
- fire idem, page 322.
- flame idem, page 325.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1260-1
- πῦρ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011