σιμός

See also: σῖμος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Has been connected to Old High German swīnan, Old Norse svīna, as well as Middle High German swīmen, Old Norse svīma, though these are formally impossible (as Proto-Indo-European *sw- does not yield Greek σ- (s-)), and the theory relating the word to σῶμα (sôma, “body”) and σῆμᾰ (sêmă, “sign”) via a supposed Proto-Indo-European *tyeh₂- (“to strike”) is semantically improbable. Ultimately, all proposed connections are problematic, and Beekes suggests a likely Pre-Greek origin.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /siː.mós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /siˈmos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /siˈmos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /siˈmos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /siˈmos/

Adjective

σῑμός • (sīmós) m (feminine σῑμή, neuter σῑμόν); first/second declension

Inflection

First and second declension of σῑμός; σῑμή; σῑμόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	σῑμός sīmós	σῑμή sīmḗ	σῑμόν sīmón	σῑμώ sīmṓ	σῑμᾱ́ sīmā́	σῑμώ sīmṓ	σῑμοί sīmoí	σῑμαί sīmaí	σῑμᾰ́ sīmắ
Genitive	σῑμοῦ sīmoû	σῑμῆς sīmês	σῑμοῦ sīmoû	σῑμοῖν sīmoîn	σῑμαῖν sīmaîn	σῑμοῖν sīmoîn	σῑμῶν sīmôn	σῑμῶν sīmôn	σῑμῶν sīmôn
Dative	σῑμῷ sīmōî	σῑμῇ sīmēî	σῑμῷ sīmōî	σῑμοῖν sīmoîn	σῑμαῖν sīmaîn	σῑμοῖν sīmoîn	σῑμοῖς sīmoîs	σῑμαῖς sīmaîs	σῑμοῖς sīmoîs
Accusative	σῑμόν sīmón	σῑμήν sīmḗn	σῑμόν sīmón	σῑμώ sīmṓ	σῑμᾱ́ sīmā́	σῑμώ sīmṓ	σῑμούς sīmoús	σῑμᾱ́ς sīmā́s	σῑμᾰ́ sīmắ
Vocative	σῑμέ sīmé	σῑμή sīmḗ	σῑμόν sīmón	σῑμώ sīmṓ	σῑμᾱ́ sīmā́	σῑμώ sīmṓ	σῑμοί sīmoí	σῑμαί sīmaí	σῑμᾰ́ sīmắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	σῑμῶς sīmôs			σῑμότερος sīmóteros			σῑμότᾰτος sīmótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Latin: sīmus

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σῑμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1332-3