στάχυς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *stngʰ-u-s, from a root *ste(n)gʰ- (“to stick”), and compared with Proto-Germanic *stinganą (“to sting, stick out”), Lithuanian stangùs (“fixed, stiff”), Latvian stingt (“to harden”). However, in addition to the accentuation of the Baltic terms implying a more likely proto-form of *steng-, the variant ἄσταχυς (ástakhus) could also suggest a Pre-Greek origin, which is endorsed by Beekes; see also στόνυξ (stónux, “sharp point”) and στόχος (stókhos, “erection of stone”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Homeric)

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stá.kʰyːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.kʰys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çis/

(later poetry)

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stá.kʰys/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.kʰys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çis/

Noun

στᾰ́χῡς or στᾰ́χῠς • (stắkhūs or stắkhŭs) m (genitive στᾰ́χῠος); third declension

An ear of grain
scion, progeny
Spica, a star in the constellation Virgo
lower part of the abdomen
base horehound (Stachys germanica)
surgical bandage
(biblical) shibboleth

Inflection

Third declension of στᾰ́χῡς; στᾰ́χῠος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	στᾰ́χῡς stắkhūs	στᾰ́χῠε stắkhŭe	στᾰ́χῠες stắkhŭes
Genitive	στᾰ́χῠος stắkhŭos	στᾰχῠ́οιν / στᾰχῠ́οιῐν stăkhŭ́oi(ĭ)n	στᾰχῠ́ων stăkhŭ́ōn
Dative	στᾰ́χῠῐ̈ / στᾰ́χυι stắkhŭĭ̈ / stắkhui	στᾰχῠ́οιν / στᾰχῠ́οιῐν stăkhŭ́oi(ĭ)n	στᾰχῠ́εσσῐ / στᾰχῠ́εσσῐν / στᾰ́χῡσῐ / στᾰ́χῡσῐν / στᾰ́χῡσσῐ / στᾰ́χῡσσῐν stăkhŭ́essĭ(n) / stắkhūsĭ(n) / stắkhūssĭ(n)
Accusative	στᾰ́χῡν stắkhūn	στᾰ́χῠε stắkhŭe	στᾰ́χῡς / στᾰ́χῠᾰς stắkhūs / stắkhŭăs
Vocative	στᾰ́χῡ stắkhū	στᾰ́χῠε stắkhŭe	στᾰ́χῠες stắkhŭes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of ὁ στᾰ́χῠς; τοῦ στᾰ́χῠος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ στᾰ́χῠς ho stắkhŭs	τὼ στᾰ́χῠε tṑ stắkhŭe	οἱ στᾰ́χῠες hoi stắkhŭes
Genitive	τοῦ στᾰ́χῠος toû stắkhŭos	τοῖν στᾰχῠ́οιν toîn stăkhŭ́oin	τῶν στᾰχῠ́ων tôn stăkhŭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ στᾰ́χῠῐ̈ / στᾰ́χυι tōî stắkhŭĭ̈ / stắkhui	τοῖν στᾰχῠ́οιν toîn stăkhŭ́oin	τοῖς στᾰ́χῠσῐ / στᾰ́χῠσῐν toîs stắkhŭsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν στᾰ́χῠν tòn stắkhŭn	τὼ στᾰ́χῠε tṑ stắkhŭe	τοὺς στᾰ́χῡς / στᾰ́χῠᾰς toùs stắkhūs / stắkhŭăs
Vocative	στᾰ́χῠ stắkhŭ	στᾰ́χῠε stắkhŭe	στᾰ́χῠες stắkhŭes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

Translingual: Stachys

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στάχυς, -υος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1392