τοϜιδ

Pre-Samnite

Etymology

The linguist Matteo Calabrese traces the term back to Proto-Italic *toutjos. The dative singular of this form would have been *toutjei, which may have monophthongized into *toutii and then contracted into *touti. This type of development is attested in Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌅𐌄 (iuve) and another Pre-Samnite term 𐌅𐌉𐌍𐌉𐌂𐌉𐌉𐌖. Related to Proto-Italic *toutā, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂.

Adjective

τοϜιδ (toWid) (ablative singular)

  1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: city, state
    • Discovered in 1991, Sacred Law from Tortora [1]:
      εσ[μ?]ιτερμανι[νπραι?]τοϝτιδ
      es[m?]itermani[nprai?]towtid
      at this border sign [before?] the city

Usage notes

  • Calabrese argues that, in the inscription from Tortora, it is likely an ablative of place in agreement with the locative singular noun τερμανι (termani).
  • The term may be interpreted as an adjective or a noun. Calabrese argues that it is likely an adjective in agreement with τερμανι (termani), as the terms are placed next to each other.

References

  1. ^ Matteo Calabrese (2021) “The sacred law from Tortora”, in Latomus‎[1] (in Pre-Samnite), volume 80, Société d’études latines de Bruxelles, →DOI
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 618
  • Donald O'Brien, Brien (2021-06-11) Lexicon of the PraeSamnites, Frentani, Samnites and Hirpini + Coins of the Social War‎[2] (quotation in English; overall work in English)
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