υἱός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From earlier υἱύς (huiús); see there for more.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hyː.ós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)yˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /yˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /yˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈos/
Noun
υἱός • (huiós) m (genitive υἱέος or υἱοῦ); second declension
- son
- Synonym: κέλωρ (kélōr)
- child, not necessarily male
- (Christianity) the Son; the Son of God (one of the three Persons of the Trinity, believed to have become incarnated in Jesus Christ)
Declension
The most common forms used by Classical Attic writers are:
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ υἱός ho huiós |
— | οἱ υἱεῖς hoi huieîs | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ υἱέος / υἱοῦ toû huiéos / huioû |
— | τῶν υἱέων tôn huiéōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ υἱεῖ tōî huieî |
— | τοῖς υἱέσι / υἱέσιν toîs huiési(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν υἱόν tòn huión |
— | τοὺς υἱεῖς toùs huieîs | ||||||||||
| Vocative | υἱέ huié |
— | υἱεῖς huieîs | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Plato and Isaeus use the ῡ̔ός (hūós) variant exclusively, as does Lysias most of the time:[1]
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ὑός ho huós |
— | οἱ ὑεῖς hoi hueîs | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ὑέος toû huéos |
— | τῶν ὑέων tôn huéōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ὑεῖ tōî hueî |
— | τοῖς ὑέσι / ὑέσιν toîs huési(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ὑόν tòn huón |
— | τοὺς ὑεῖς toùs hueîs | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ὑέ hué |
— | ὑεῖς hueîs | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
The epic forms are more varied:
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | υἱός huiós |
υἱέε / υἷε huiée / huîe |
υἱέες / υἱεῖς / υἷες / υἱῆες huiées / huieîs / huîes / huiêes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | υἱέος / υἱέως / υἷος / υἱοῦ / υἱῆος huiéos / huiéōs / huîos / huioû / huiêos |
υἱέοιν / υἱοῖν huiéoin / huioîn |
υἱῶν huiôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | υἱέϊ / υἱεῖ / υἷι / υἱῆϊ huiéï / huieî / huîi / huiêï |
υἱέοιν / υἱοῖν huiéoin / huioîn |
υἱοῖσι / υἱοῖσιν / υἱέσι / υἱέσιν / υἱᾰ́σῐ / υἱᾰ́σῐν / υἱεῦσι / υἱεῦσιν / υἱήεσσι / υἱήεσσιν huioîsi(n) / huiési(n) / huiắsĭ(n) / huieûsi(n) / huiḗessi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | υἱόν / υἱέα / υἷα / υἱῆα huión / huiéa / huîa / huiêa |
υἱέε / υἷε huiée / huîe |
υἱέᾰς / υἷᾰς / υἱῆας huiéăs / huîăs / huiêas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | υἱέ huié |
υἱέε / υἷε huiée / huîe |
υἱέες / υἱεῖς / υἷες / υἱῆες huiées / huieîs / huîes / huiêes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- υἱωνός (huiōnós)
Descendants
References
- ^ polýMATHY PLUS (2025-01-29). Attic declension of "son" υἱός in Ancient Greek. Retrieved 2025-03-21 – via YouTube.
Further reading
- “υἱός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “υἱός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “υἱός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- υἱός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- υἱός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “υἱός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5207 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- υἱός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Alternative forms
- υιός m (yiós) — Katharevousa
Noun
υἱός • (huiós) m
- Katharevousa form of γιος (gios)