φθάνω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰh₂- (“to come near, nearly reach, pass”).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit धग्नु (dhagnu).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰtʰá.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰtʰa.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸθa.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfθa.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfθa.no/
Verb
φθάνω • (phthánō)
- (ambitransitive) to come or do, first or before others
- (transitive) to be beforehand with, overtake, anticipate (with accusative person)
- (intransitive) to come or act first
Conjugation
Present: φθᾰ́νω, φθᾰ́νομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φθᾰ́νω | φθᾰ́νεις | φθᾰ́νει | φθᾰ́νετον | φθᾰ́νετον | φθᾰ́νομεν | φθᾰ́νετε | φθᾰ́νουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | φθᾰ́νω | φθᾰ́νῃς | φθᾰ́νῃ | φθᾰ́νητον | φθᾰ́νητον | φθᾰ́νωμεν | φθᾰ́νητε | φθᾰ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φθᾰ́νοιμῐ | φθᾰ́νοις | φθᾰ́νοι | φθᾰ́νοιτον | φθᾰνοίτην | φθᾰ́νοιμεν | φθᾰ́νοιτε | φθᾰ́νοιεν | |||||
| imperative | φθᾰ́νε | φθᾰνέτω | φθᾰ́νετον | φθᾰνέτων | φθᾰ́νετε | φθᾰνόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | φθᾰ́νομαι | φθᾰ́νῃ / φθᾰ́νει | φθᾰ́νεται | φθᾰ́νεσθον | φθᾰ́νεσθον | φθᾰνόμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́νεσθε | φθᾰ́νονται | ||||
| subjunctive | φθᾰ́νωμαι | φθᾰ́νῃ | φθᾰ́νηται | φθᾰ́νησθον | φθᾰ́νησθον | φθᾰνώμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́νησθε | φθᾰ́νωνται | |||||
| optative | φθᾰνοίμην | φθᾰ́νοιο | φθᾰ́νοιτο | φθᾰ́νοισθον | φθᾰνοίσθην | φθᾰνοίμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́νοισθε | φθᾰ́νοιντο | |||||
| imperative | φθᾰ́νου | φθᾰνέσθω | φθᾰ́νεσθον | φθᾰνέσθων | φθᾰ́νεσθε | φθᾰνέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φθᾰ́νειν | φθᾰ́νεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φθᾰ́νων | φθᾰνόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φθᾰ́νουσᾰ | φθᾰνομένη | |||||||||||
| n | φθᾰ́νον | φθᾰνόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔφθᾰνον, ἐφθᾰνόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφθᾰνον | ἔφθᾰνες | ἔφθᾰνε(ν) | ἐφθᾰ́νετον | ἐφθᾰνέτην | ἐφθᾰ́νομεν | ἐφθᾰ́νετε | ἔφθᾰνον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφθᾰνόμην | ἐφθᾰ́νου | ἐφθᾰ́νετο | ἐφθᾰ́νεσθον | ἐφθᾰνέσθην | ἐφθᾰνόμεθᾰ | ἐφθᾰ́νεσθε | ἐφθᾰ́νοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: φθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | φθήσομαι | φθήσῃ / φθήσει | φθήσεται | φθήσεσθον | φθήσεσθον | φθησόμεθᾰ | φθήσεσθε | φθήσονται | ||||
| optative | φθησοίμην | φθήσοιο | φθήσοιτο | φθήσοισθον | φθησοίσθην | φθησοίμεθᾰ | φθήσοισθε | φθήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φθησόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | φθησομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | φθησόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔφθᾰσᾰ, ἐφθᾰσᾰ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφθᾰσᾰ | ἔφθᾰσᾰς | ἔφθᾰσε(ν) | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰτον | ἐφθᾰσᾰ́την | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰμεν | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰτε | ἔφθᾰσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φθᾰ́σω | φθᾰ́σῃς | φθᾰ́σῃ | φθᾰ́σητον | φθᾰ́σητον | φθᾰ́σωμεν | φθᾰ́σητε | φθᾰ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φθᾰ́σαιμῐ | φθᾰ́σειᾰς / φθᾰ́σαις | φθᾰ́σειε(ν) / φθᾰ́σαι | φθᾰ́σαιτον | φθᾰσαίτην | φθᾰ́σαιμεν | φθᾰ́σαιτε | φθᾰ́σειᾰν / φθᾰ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | φθᾰ́σον | φθᾰσᾰ́τω | φθᾰ́σᾰτον | φθᾰσᾰ́των | φθᾰ́σᾰτε | φθᾰσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐφθᾰσᾰ́μην | ἐφθᾰ́σω | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰτο | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰσθον | ἐφθᾰσᾰ́σθην | ἐφθᾰσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰσθε | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | φθᾰ́σωμαι | φθᾰ́σῃ | φθᾰ́σηται | φθᾰ́σησθον | φθᾰ́σησθον | φθᾰσώμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́σησθε | φθᾰ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | φθᾰσαίμην | φθᾰ́σαιο | φθᾰ́σαιτο | φθᾰ́σαισθον | φθᾰσαίσθην | φθᾰσαίμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́σαισθε | φθᾰ́σαιντο | |||||
| imperative | φθᾰ́σαι | φθᾰσᾰ́σθω | φθᾰ́σᾰσθον | φθᾰσᾰ́σθων | φθᾰ́σᾰσθε | φθᾰσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φθᾰ́σαι | φθᾰ́σᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φθᾰ́σᾱς | φθᾰσᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | φθᾰ́σᾱσᾰ | φθᾰσᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | φθᾰ́σᾰν | φθᾰσᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔφθην, ἐφθᾰ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφθην | ἔφθης | ἔφθη | ἔφθητον | ἐφθήτην | ἔφθημεν | ἔφθητε | ἔφθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φθῶ | φθῇς | φθῇ | φθῆτον | φθῆτον | φθῶμεν | φθῆτε | φθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φθαίην | φθαίης | φθαίη | φθαῖτον / φθαίητον | φθαίτην / φθαιήτην | φθαῖμεν / φθαίημεν | φθαῖτε / φθαίητε | φθαῖεν / φθαίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | φθῆθῐ | φθήτω | φθῆτον | φθήτων | φθῆτε | φθᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐφθᾰ́μην | ἔφθω | ἔφθᾰτο | ἔφθᾰσθον | ἐφθᾰ́σθην | ἐφθᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἔφθᾰσθε | ἔφθᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | φθῶμαι | φθῇ | φθῆται | φθῆσθον | φθῆσθον | φθώμεθᾰ | φθῆσθε | φθῶνται | |||||
| optative | φθαίμην | φθαῖο | φθαῖτο | φθαῖσθον | φθαίσθην | φθαίμεθᾰ | φθαῖσθε | φθαῖντο | |||||
| imperative | φθῶ | φθᾰ́σθω | φθᾰ́σθον | φθᾰ́σθων | φθᾰ́σθε | φθᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φθῆναι | φθᾰ́σθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φθᾱ́ς | φθᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | φθᾶσᾰ | φθᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | φθᾰ́ν | φθᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἔφθᾰκᾰ
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφθᾰκᾰ | ἔφθᾰκᾰς | ἔφθᾰκε(ν) | ἐφθᾰ́κᾰτον | ἐφθᾰ́κᾰτον | ἐφθᾰ́κᾰμεν | ἐφθᾰ́κᾰτε | ἐφθᾰ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐφθᾰ́κω | ἐφθᾰ́κῃς | ἐφθᾰ́κῃ | ἐφθᾰ́κητον | ἐφθᾰ́κητον | ἐφθᾰ́κωμεν | ἐφθᾰ́κητε | ἐφθᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐφθᾰ́κοιμῐ / ἐφθᾰκοίην | ἐφθᾰ́κοις / ἐφθᾰκοίης | ἐφθᾰ́κοι / ἐφθᾰκοίη | ἐφθᾰ́κοιτον | ἐφθᾰκοίτην | ἐφθᾰ́κοιμεν | ἐφθᾰ́κοιτε | ἐφθᾰ́κοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔφθᾰκε | ἐφθᾰκέτω | ἐφθᾰ́κετον | ἐφθᾰκέτων | ἐφθᾰ́κετε | ἐφθᾰκόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐφθᾰκέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐφθᾰκώς | |||||||||||
| f | ἐφθᾰκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐφθᾰκός | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Descendants
- Greek: φτάνω (ftáno)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φθάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1568
Further reading
- “φθάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φθάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φθάνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φθάνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- φθάνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φθάνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5348 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfθa.no/
- Hyphenation: φθά‧νω
Verb
φθάνω • (ftháno) (past έφθασα, passive —)
- (more formal) alternative form of φτάνω (ftáno)
Conjugation
φθάνω (active forms only plus passive perfect participle)
| Active voice ➤ | ||||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | φθάσω | |||
| 2 sg | φθάνεις | φθάσεις | ||
| 3 sg | φθάνει | φθάσει | ||
| 1 pl | φθάνουμε, [‑ομε] | φθάσουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
| 2 pl | φθάνετε | φθάσετε | ||
| 3 pl | φθάνουν(ε) | φθάσουν(ε) | ||
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | έφθανα | έφθασα | ||
| 2 sg | έφθανες | έφθασες | ||
| 3 sg | έφθανε | έφθασε | ||
| 1 pl | φθάναμε | φθάσαμε | ||
| 2 pl | φθάνατε | φθάσατε | ||
| 3 pl | έφθαναν, φθάναν(ε) | έφθασαν, φθάσαν(ε) | ||
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | θα ➤ | θα φθάσω ➤ | ||
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φθάνεις, … | θα φθάσεις, … | ||
| Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φθάσει | είμαι, είσαι, … φθασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ (also passive voice) | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φθάσει | ήμουν, ήσουν, … φθασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φθάσει | θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … φθασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
| 2 sg | φθάνε | φθάσε | ||
| 2 pl | φθάνετε | φθάστε | ||
| Other forms | ||||
| Active present participle ➤ | φθάνοντας ➤ | |||
| Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας φθάσει ➤ | |||
| Passive perfect participle ➤ | φθασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | |||
| Nonfinite form ➤ | φθάσει | |||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
- καταφθάνω (kataftháno)
Related terms
- προφθάνω (proftháno)