φθέγγομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Apparently from a stem φθεγ- (phtheg-) with added ablaut and nasalization, of unclear further origin. Semantically similar forms with superficial phonetic resemblance exist in Balto-Slavic, like Russian звягать (zvjagatʹ, “to bark, yap”), Lithuanian žvéngti (“to neigh”), and Lithuanian speñgti (“(of the ears) to resound, bite, hum, drone”); however, theories connecting the Greek to these terms suffer from phonological issues.[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

φθέγγομαι • (phthéngomai)

  1. to make a sound, utter
  2. to speak loudly, shout, cry out, proclaim
  3. to sing, praise, celebrate

Inflection

   Present: φθέγγομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative φθέγγομαι φθέγγῃ / φθέγγει φθέγγεται φθέγγεσθον φθέγγεσθον φθεγγόμεθᾰ φθέγγεσθε φθέγγονται
subjunctive φθέγγωμαι φθέγγῃ φθέγγηται φθέγγησθον φθέγγησθον φθεγγώμεθᾰ φθέγγησθε φθέγγωνται
optative φθεγγοίμην φθέγγοιο φθέγγοιτο φθέγγοισθον φθεγγοίσθην φθεγγοίμεθᾰ φθέγγοισθε φθέγγοιντο
imperative   φθέγγου φθεγγέσθω φθέγγεσθον φθεγγέσθων   φθέγγεσθε φθεγγέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive φθέγγεσθαι
participle m φθεγγόμενος
f φθεγγομένη
n φθεγγόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐφθεγγόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐφθεγγόμην ἐφθέγγου ἐφθέγγετο ἐφθέγγεσθον ἐφθεγγέσθην ἐφθεγγόμεθᾰ ἐφθέγγεσθε ἐφθέγγοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: φθέγξομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative φθέγξομαι φθέγξῃ / φθέγξει φθέγξεται φθέγξεσθον φθέγξεσθον φθεγξόμεθᾰ φθέγξεσθε φθέγξονται
optative φθεγξοίμην φθέγξοιο φθέγξοιτο φθέγξοισθον φθεγξοίσθην φθεγξοίμεθᾰ φθέγξοισθε φθέγξοιντο
middle
infinitive φθέγξεσθαι
participle m φθεγξόμενος
f φθεγξομένη
n φθεγξόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐφθεγξᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐφθεγξᾰ́μην ἐφθέγξω ἐφθέγξᾰτο ἐφθέγξᾰσθον ἐφθεγξᾰ́σθην ἐφθεγξᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐφθέγξᾰσθε ἐφθέγξᾰντο
subjunctive φθέγξωμαι φθέγξῃ φθέγξηται φθέγξησθον φθέγξησθον φθεγξώμεθᾰ φθέγξησθε φθέγξωνται
optative φθεγξαίμην φθέγξαιο φθέγξαιτο φθέγξαισθον φθεγξαίσθην φθεγξαίμεθᾰ φθέγξαισθε φθέγξαιντο
imperative   φθέγξαι φθεγξᾰ́σθω φθέγξᾰσθον φθεγξᾰ́σθων   φθέγξᾰσθε φθεγξᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive φθέγξᾰσθαι
participle m φθεγξᾰ́μενος
f φθεγξᾰμένη
n φθεγξᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔφθεγμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἔφθεγμαι ἔφθεγξαι ἔφθεγκται ἔφθεγχθον ἔφθεγχθον ἐφθέγμεθᾰ ἔφθεγχθε ἐφθέγγᾰται
subjunctive ἐφθεγμένος ὦ ἐφθεγμένος ᾖς ἐφθεγμένος ᾖ ἐφθεγμένω ἦτον ἐφθεγμένω ἦτον ἐφθεγμένοι ὦμεν ἐφθεγμένοι ἦτε ἐφθεγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐφθεγμένος εἴην ἐφθεγμένος εἴης ἐφθεγμένος εἴη ἐφθεγμένω εἴητον / εἶτον ἐφθεγμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην ἐφθεγμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν ἐφθεγμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε ἐφθεγμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν
imperative   ἔφθεγξο ἐφθέγχθω ἔφθεγχθον ἐφθέγχθων   ἔφθεγχθε ἐφθέγχθων
middle/passive
infinitive ἐφθέγχθαι
participle m ἐφθεγμένος
f ἐφθεγμένη
n ἐφθεγμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φθέγγομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1568-9

Further reading

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