χαμαί
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From a case form of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence also χθών (khthṓn, “earth”)), traditionally taken as a dative.[1] Ringe[2] identifies this as a fossilized allative/directive (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂) suffixed with the "hic-et-nunc particle" -i (Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰm̥m-éh₂-i) (also optionally attached to the locative of any noun); if so, then cognate with Old Hittite 𒁖𒈾𒀀 (taknā), which lacks the particle. Ringe adduces this correspondence as evidence for reconstructing the allative for Proto-Indo-European. Compare other cognate forms with the same semantics: Sanskrit क्ष्मया (kṣmayā́), Sanskrit ज्मया (jmayā́) (instrumental), Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā́) (also instrumental), and Sanskrit क्षामि (kṣā́mi), Latin humī (locative). Also compare πάλαι (pálai) and παραί (paraí).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰa.mǎi̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰaˈmɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xaˈmɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xaˈme/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xaˈme/
Adverb
χᾰμαί • (khămaí)
Derived terms
- χᾰμαιάκτη (khămaiáktē)
- χᾰμαιβάλανος (khămaibálanos)
- χᾰμαίβατος (khămaíbatos)
- χᾰμαίγειρον (khămaígeiron)
- χᾰμαιγηνής (khămaigēnḗs)
- χᾰμαιδάφνη (khămaidáphnē)
- χᾰμαιδιδάσκαλος (khămaididáskalos)
- χᾰμαιδικαστής (khămaidikastḗs)
- χᾰμαίδρυς (khămaídrus)
- χᾰμαιεύρετος (khămaieúretos)
- χᾰμαίζηλος (khămaízēlos)
- χᾰμαιζυμήτης (khămaizumḗtēs)
- χᾰμαῖθεν (khămaîthen)
- χᾰμαίκαυλος (khămaíkaulos)
- χᾰμαικέρασος (khămaikérasos)
- χᾰμαίκισσος (khămaíkissos)
- χᾰμαικλινής (khămaiklinḗs)
- χᾰμαικοιτέω (khămaikoitéō)
- χᾰμαικυπάρισσος (khămaikupárissos)
- χᾰμαίλεος (khămaíleos)
- χᾰμαιλεύκη (khămaileúkē)
- χᾰμαιλεχής (khămailekhḗs)
- χᾰμαιλέων (khămailéōn)
- χᾰμαιλίβανος (khămailíbanos)
- χᾰμαίλυκος (khămaílukos)
- χᾰμαίμηλον (khămaímēlon)
- χᾰμαιμυρσίνη (khămaimursínē)
- χᾰμαιμύρτη (khămaimúrtē)
- χᾰμαιπετέω (khămaipetéō)
- χᾰμαιπεύκη (khămaipeúkē)
- χᾰμαίπιτυς (khămaípitus)
- χᾰμαιπλάτανος (khămaiplátanos)
- χᾰμαίπους (khămaípous)
- χᾰμαιράφανος (khămairáphanos)
- χᾰμαιρεπής (khămairepḗs)
- χᾰμαίρυτον (khămaíruton)
- χᾰμαίρωψ (khămaírōps)
- χᾰμαίστρωτος (khămaístrōtos)
- χᾰμαισύκη (khămaisúkē)
- χᾰμαισχιδής (khămaiskhidḗs)
- χᾰμαιτυπέω (khămaitupéō)
- χᾰμαριφής (khămariphḗs)
- χᾰμελαία (khămelaía)
- χᾰμερπής (khămerpḗs)
- χᾰμεύνη (khămeúnē)
Descendants
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χαμαί”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1612-3
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Further reading
- “χαμαί”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χαμαί”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χαμαί”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χαμαί in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- χαμαί in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “χαμαί”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5476 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ground idem, page 375.