Ладога
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic Ладога (Ladoga), through liquid metathesis probably from Old Norse *Aldoga (variant Aldeigja), of uncertain origin. Theories include:
Theories
- borrowing from Finnish *aaldokas (modern Finnish aallokas, compare Karelian aaltokas), from aalto (“wave”). The lake is known for storms.
- if Old Norse Aldeigja is original, from Finnish *Alodejoki, meaning "lower river"; this would require the name to have originally referred to the river.
- from Old Norse *Aldauga, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“old”) + *augô (“eye”), thus "old source/spring" (as the word for "eye" is used to mean "water source" or "water spring" in e.g. some Icelandic and Estonian words).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɫadəɡə]
Proper noun
Ла́дога • (Ládoga) f inan (genitive Ла́доги, nominative plural Ла́доги, genitive plural Ла́дог, relational adjective ла́дожский)
- Ladoga (a lake in Russia, east of St. Petersburg). The largest freshwater lake in Europe.
- Staraya Ladoga (a rural locality and former town in Volkhovsky district, Leningrad Oblast, Russia)
Declension
Declension of Ла́дога (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | Ла́дога Ládoga |
Ла́доги Ládogi |
| genitive | Ла́доги Ládogi |
Ла́дог Ládog |
| dative | Ла́доге Ládoge |
Ла́догам Ládogam |
| accusative | Ла́догу Ládogu |
Ла́доги Ládogi |
| instrumental | Ла́догой, Ла́догою Ládogoj, Ládogoju |
Ла́догами Ládogami |
| prepositional | Ла́доге Ládoge |
Ла́догах Ládogax |
Synonyms
- Ла́дожское о́зеро (Ládožskoje ózero)
- Ста́рая Ла́дога (Stáraja Ládoga)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “Ладога”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress