гӏаж
Ingush
Etymology
Borrowed from Kumyk къаз (qaz). The substitution of з (z) with ж (ž) is atypical for Ingush, so the influence of the Ossetian form хъаз (qaz) is assumed, since Ossetian pronunciation lacks the original distinction of postalveolar /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ from the respective alveolar sibilants /s/ and /z/. The borrowing of гӏаж (ğaž) from Ossetian cannot be accepted, since in Kumyk къ (q) at the beginning of the wordform is pronounced as /ɢ/, which is reflected in Vainakh as /ʁ/. Compare with Chechen гӏа̄з (ğaaz). It is assumed that long vowels were once present in Kumyk because of their presence in Vainakh loanwords.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁaːʒ/
- Hyphenation: гӏа̄ж
- Rhymes: -aːʒ
Noun
гӏа̄ж • (ğaaž) class jj
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | гӏа̄ж (ğaaž) | гӏа̄жаш (ğaažaš) |
| genitive | гӏа̄жа (ğaaža) | гӏа̄жӣ (ğaažii) |
| dative | гӏа̄жа̄ (ğaažaa) | гӏа̄жашта (ğaažašta) |
| ergative | гӏа̄жо̄ (ğaažoo) | гӏа̄жаша (ğaažaša) |
| allative | гӏа̄жага (ğaažaga) | гӏа̄жаша (ğaažaša) |
| instrumental | гӏа̄жаца (ğaažaca) | гӏа̄жашца (ğaažašca) |
| lative | гӏа̄жах (ğaažax) | гӏа̄жех (ğaažex) |
| comparative | гӏа̄жал (ğaažal) | гӏа̄жел (ğaažel) |
References
- Alirojev, Ibragim Ju. (1978) Нахские языки и культура [Nakh languages and culture] (in Russian), Grozny: Чечено-Ингушское книжное издательство, page 13
- Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “гӏаж”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 51b