кроме

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic кромѣ (kromě, outside, afar), a locative case of Proto-Slavic *kroma (edge, boundary). Partially reintroduced into the modern language from Russian кро́ме (króme).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkrɔmɛ]
  • Audio:(file)

Preposition

кро́ме • (króme)

  1. (dialectal, rare) except for, aside from
    Synonym: осве́н (osvén)
  2. (dated) besides, moreover, other than
    Synonyms: о́ще (óšte), осве́н (osvén)
    а кро́меa krómeon top of, in addition
  3. (archaic) afar, outside
    Synonym: извън (izvǎn)

References

  • кроме”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кроме”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 18
  • кромѣ in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, outside), old locative case of крома́ (kromá, partition), from Proto-Slavic *kroma (edge, boundary).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkromʲe]
  • Audio:(file)

Preposition

кро́ме • (króme) [with genitive]

  1. except, besides
    • 1831, Александр Пушкин [Alexander Pushkin], Рославлев; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Roslavlev, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016:
      В библиоте́ке не бы́ло ни одно́й ру́сской кни́ги, кро́ме сочине́ний Сумаро́кова, кото́рых Поли́на никогда́ не раскрыва́ла.
      V bibliotéke ne býlo ni odnój rússkoj knígi, króme sočinénij Sumarókova, kotóryx Polína nikogdá ne raskryvála.
      There was not a single Russian book in the library, except for the works of Sumarokov, which Polina never opened.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Ingrian: krome