кроме
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Old Church Slavonic кромѣ (kromě, “outside, afar”), a locative case of Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”). Partially reintroduced into the modern language from Russian кро́ме (króme).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkrɔmɛ]
Audio: (file)
Preposition
кро́ме • (króme)
- (dialectal, rare) except for, aside from
- Synonym: осве́н (osvén)
- (dated) besides, moreover, other than
- Synonyms: о́ще (óšte), осве́н (osvén)
- а кро́ме ― a króme ― on top of, in addition
- (archaic) afar, outside
- Synonym: извън (izvǎn)
References
- “кроме”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кроме”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 18
- кромѣ in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
Russian
Alternative forms
- кро́мѣ (krómě) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”), old locative case of крома́ (kromá, “partition”), from Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkromʲe]
Audio: (file)
Preposition
кро́ме • (króme) [with genitive]
- except, besides
- 1831, Александр Пушкин [Alexander Pushkin], Рославлев; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Roslavlev, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016:
- В библиоте́ке не бы́ло ни одно́й ру́сской кни́ги, кро́ме сочине́ний Сумаро́кова, кото́рых Поли́на никогда́ не раскрыва́ла.
- V bibliotéke ne býlo ni odnój rússkoj knígi, króme sočinénij Sumarókova, kotóryx Polína nikogdá ne raskryvála.
- There was not a single Russian book in the library, except for the works of Sumarokov, which Polina never opened.
Derived terms
- кро́ме того́ (króme tovó)
Related terms
- кро́мка f (krómka)
- кроме́шный (kroméšnyj)
- укро́мный (ukrómnyj)
Descendants
- → Ingrian: krome