сиге

See also: сиг and сіг

Old Novgorodian

Etymology

Borrowed from Finnic languages, such as Livvi siigu, Karelian siiga, Ludian siig, Veps sīg, cf. Votic siikõ, Ingrian siika, Finnish siika (“common whitefish”) and Estonian siig, ultimately from Proto-Finnic *siika (“common whitefish”), further origins unclear,[1][2][3] perhaps from Proto-Norse *ᛊᛁᚴᚨᛉ (*sikaʀ) (whence Old Norse síkr, Old Swedish siker, Swedish sik, Norwegian Bokmål sik, Old Danish sig), possibly from Proto-Germanic *sīkaz. Cognate include Latvian sīga, Lithuanian sykis.

First attested in c. 1140‒1160. Compare Russian сиг (sig), Middle Russian сигъ (sig), first attested only in 1496. Derivative сиговый (sigovyj, “whitefish-related”) since 1500, сиговина (sigovina, “whitefish meat”) and сиговица (sigovica, “fishing tackle”) since 1563. It seems that in Middle Russian the word was borrowed from Old Novgorodian.[2][1]

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: си‧ге

Noun

сиге • (sige) m[4]

  1. common whitefish, lavaret (Coregonus lavaretus)
    • c. 1140‒1160, Берестяная грамота № 831 [Birchbark letter no. 831]‎[2], Novgorod:
      … [и сире] а то гривьною кри(лъ есмь и) [дьс]ѧ[ть сиг]ово и пол[ъ]ть во дьсѧть коуно …
      … [i sire] a to grivĭnoju kri(lŭ jesmĭ i) [dĭs]ję[tĭ sig]ovo i pol[ŭ]tĭ vo dĭsętĭ kuno …
      … and cheeses ‒ I bought this for a hryvnia, and ten whitefish and half a carcass for ten kuns.
    • c. 1220‒1240, Kovalev, Roman K., transl., Берестяная грамота № 147 [Birchbark letter no. 147]‎[3], Novgorod:
      … пу нь пожали г(ос)подине про сигꙑ ѣще сигово нету а поцта тобь буде гъже а ѧꙁо тобе кланѧюсѧ
      … pu nĭ požali g(os)podine pro sigy jěśće sigovo netu a poćta tobĭ bude gŭže a jęzo tobe klanęjusę
      Don't be angry about the whitefishes ─ there are no whitefishes yet. And the tribute (pochestie) to you will be good. I bow to you (lit. goodbye).
    • c. 1320‒1340, Берестяная грамота № 144 [Birchbark letter no. 144]‎[4], Novgorod:
      … въꙁми · ꙋ тимоѳѣѧ ·н҃· сиговъ [ѡ] ·г҃· рꙋблѧ а роко · на роство ·
      … vŭzmi · u timoθěję 50 sigovŭ [o] 3 rublę a roko · na rostvo ·
      Take 50 whitefish from Timofey for about 3 rubles. And the payment deadline is Christmas.
    • c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 280 [Birchbark letter no. 280]‎[5], Novgorod:
      … ·г҃· таимени ·в҃· просоле и ·е҃· сигово ·е҃· таимени ѧко[л]и[хо]
      … 3 taimeni 2 prosole i ·je:· sigovo ·je:· taimeni jęko[l]i[xo]
      … 3 taimen, 2 of them lightly salted, and 5 whitefish and 5 Yakovlev taimen.

Declension

Declension of сиге (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative сиге
sige 		сига
siga 		сиги, сигѣ
sigi, sigě
genitive сига
siga 		сигоу
sigu 		сигъ
sigŭ
dative сигоу, сигови
sigu, sigovi 		сигома
sigoma 		сигомъ
sigomŭ
accusative сигъ, сига
sigŭ, siga 		сига
siga 		сигꙑ, сигѣ
sigy, sigě
instrumental сигъмь
sigŭmĭ 		сигома
sigoma 		сигꙑ
sigy
locative сигѣ
sigě 		сигоу
sigu 		сигѣхъ
sigěxŭ
vocative сиге
sige 		сига
siga 		сиги, сигѣ
sigi, sigě

Descendants

  • → Middle Russian: сигъ (sig)
    • Russian: сиг (sig); сига́ f (sigá) (dialectal)
      • Taimyr Pidgin Russian: сиг (sig)
      • → Armenian: սիգ (sig)
      • → Belarusian: сіг (sih), сіга f (siha)
      • → Czech: síh
      • → Komi-Zyrian: сиг (śig)
      • → Polish: siga
      • → Ukrainian: сиг (syh)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Anikin, A. E. (2000) “сига́”, in Этимологический словарь русских диалектов Сибири. Заимствования из уральских, алтайских и палеоазиатских языков [Etymological dictionary of Russian dialects of Siberia. Loan-words from Uralic, Altaic and Paleoasiatic languages] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow, Novosibirsk: Nauka, →ISBN, page 502
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “сиг”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 160
  3. ^ Vasmer, Max (1972) “сиг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, page 617
  4. ^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: LRC Publishing House, →ISBN, page 798

Further reading

Russian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sʲɪˈɡʲe]

Noun

сиге́ • (sigé) m anim

  1. prepositional singular of сиг (sig)
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