хохол

• хохо́лъ (xoxól) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
• каке́л (kakél), како́л (kakól), хихи́л (xixíl) (internet slang)
• ххл (xxl) (clipping, internet slang)

Inherited from Old East Slavic *хохолъ (*xoxolŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ < *koxolъ. Compare Polish chochoł, Polish chachoł and Czech chochol.

The usage in reference to Ukrainian people comes from the оселе́дець (oselédecʹ), a traditional top-knot used by Ukrainian men. It acquired a derogatory connotation and is considered an ethnic slur as well as all the terms derived from it.

• IPA^(key): [xɐˈxoɫ]

хохо́л • (xoxól) m inan or m anim (genitive хохла́, nominative plural хохлы́, genitive plural хохло́в, feminine хохлу́шка or хохля́чка, relational adjective хохля́цкий, diminutive хохоло́к)

1. (inanimate) (birds) crest, (human hair) topknot, tuft of hair

   Synonyms: чуб (čub), чупрун (čuprun), вихо́р (vixór), оселе́дец (oselédec)

2. (animate, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) a Ukrainian, khokhol

   Synonyms: украи́нец (ukraínec), укр (ukr), укро́п (ukróp), салое́д (salojéd), малоро́сс (maloróss), малору́сс (malorúss)

   Что он видит: первое, папа сидит, естественно смотрит телевизор и говорит, что во всем виноваты эти козлы, эти скоты, эти политики чёртовы! между этим, пересчитывая 200 грн, которые вчера заработал на пикете, когда стоял за этих же козлов и вонючих депутатов. Это нормально - не стоит он, стоит кто-то другой! "А че это кто-то другой должен взять эти вороватые бабки? Почему не я? " - думает папа. Ребенок наматывает на ус и наш украинец по чучуть начинает превращать своего папу в этого хохла.

   Što on vidit: pervoje, papa sidit, jestestvenno smotrit televizor i govorit, što vo vsem vinovaty eti kozly, eti skoty, eti politiki čórtovy! meždu etim, peresčityvaja 200 grn, kotoryje včera zarabotal na pikete, kogda stojal za etix že kozlov i vonjučix deputatov. Eto normalʹno - ne stoit on, stoit kto-to drugoj! "A če eto kto-to drugoj dolžen vzjatʹ eti vorovatyje babki? Počemu ne ja? " - dumajet papa. Rebenok namatyvajet na us i naš ukrainec po čučutʹ načinajet prevraščatʹ svojevo papu v etovo xoxla.

   What he sees: first, Dad sits, naturally watches TV, and says, "These goats, these brutes, these damn politicians are to blame for everything!" Meanwhile, he counts the 200 hryvnias that he earned yesterday at the protest where he stood for these same "goats and stinking deputies." This is normal - he was not standing there, but someone else is! "And why should someone else take this stolen money? Why not me?" Dad thinks. The child gets into trouble and his dad turns our Ukrainian boy, little by little, into this khokhol.

3. (animate, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive, specifically) a Ukrainian nationalist

• Originally the term was for Ukrainians, Belarusians and Zaporizhzhia Cossacks and also for simple people ("В князья не прыгал из хохлов..." A. Pushkin). The term was not always pejorative in Russia and is sometimes used by Ukrainians themselves in jest or ironically ("Українці мої! Дай вам Боже і щастя, і сил. Можна бути хохлом, і не згіркне від того хлібина..." V. Baranov (Ukrainian writer) - "My Ukrainians! May God give you both happiness and strength. You can be a khokhol, and bread will not turn sour from that ..."). There are proper names based on "хохол" - e.g. Хохол, Хохольский, Хохол-Тростянка, etc.
• The use of "хохол" increased in 2014 due to the War in Donbas, originally by Russian nationalists; and was popularised from the outbreak of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine as more people in Russia supported the invasion. Their usage of "хохол" referred either specifically to anti-Russian nationalists (as opposed to "украинец"), soldiers in the Ukrainian army, or towards any Ukrainian in general.

• (Ukrainian): украи́нец (ukraínec, noun) (neutral), укр (ukr) (offensive), укро́п (ukróp, noun) (offensive, "dill"), салое́д (salojéd) (offensive, "lard-eater"), малоро́сс (maloróss), малору́сс (malorúss) (offensive, "little Russian"), Тара́с (Tarás) (derogatory, "Taras"), Мико́ла (Mikóla) (derogatory, "Michael"), х-сло́во (x-slóvo) (offensive, "x-word")
• (the slur): х-слю́р (x-sljúr), х-сло́во (x-slóvo)

• → Armenian: խախոլ (xaxol)
• → Azerbaijani: xaxol
• → English: khokhol, hohol
• → Ingrian: hohla
• → Polish: chachoł
• → Romanian: hahol (Moldova)

Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól).

• IPA^(key): [xɔˈxɔɫ]

хохо́л • (xoxól) m pers (genitive хохла́, nominative plural хохли́, genitive plural хохлі́в, female equivalent хохлу́шка, relational adjective хохля́цький)

1. (derogatory, ethnic slur, highly offensive) a Ukrainian, khokhol

• Despite occasional use as a slur, it is chiefly used in mockery of anti-Ukrainian sentiments in Russia when speaking Ukrainian.

• (a Ukrainian person): украї́нець (ukrajínecʹ) (neutral); малоро́с (malorós)
• (the slur): х-слю́р (x-sljúr), х-сло́во (x-slóvo)

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “хохол”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka