כדכד

An Anatolian formation, reconstructed as Carian *karkuδ (/⁠karkuⁿd⁠/, “garnet”). In the ancient world, garnets were mined at the Carian city of Orthosia, cut and polished at Alabanda. From there, they were exported across the ancient world.

Compare Arabic كَرْكَنْد (karkand), χαλχηδόνιος (khalkhēdónios), Classical Syriac ܩܪܟܕܢܐ (qarkeḏnā), Khotanese [script needed] (kirkīyaṃ), Sanskrit कर्केतन (karketana, “chrysoberyl”), Old Armenian կարկեհան (karkehan, “a red gem”) (borrowed from Parthian *karkaðan, to which also belong Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (karkēhanēn), Persian کرکهان (karkahân), کرکهن (karkahan, “amethyst”) which passed into Arabic كَرْكُهَان (karkuhān), كَرْكُهَن (karkuhan, “amethyst”)).

Compare also χαρχηδόνιος (kharkhēdónios), whence English chalcedony, Latin chalcēdōnius, French calcédoine; and also Ancient Greek χαλκηδών (khalkēdṓn), whence Russian колчедан (kolčedan). Both influenced by χαλκός (khalkós, “bronze”), whence also Χαλκηδών (Khalkēdṓn).

כַּדְכֹּד • (kad̠kōd̠) m (plural indefinite כַּדְכֻּדִּים)

1. (historical) some kind of gemstone
2. (mythology) a legendary fluorescent stone

• → English: chodchod

• Ayil, Ephraim S. (2024). "Chapter 17 ‮כַּדְכֹּד‬ Kadkōḏ & ‮אֶקְדָּח‬ ʾeḳdāḥ—Garnet". In Identifying the Stones of Classical Hebrew. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004678002_018.