ابریشم

Persian

Alternative forms

بریشم (barišam), ریشم (rišam) (poetic)
افریشم (afrišam), فریشم (farišam) (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄lyšwm,ʾp̄lyšm /⁠abrēšom⁠/, “silk”), from Proto-Iranian *upawraišamah. Compare Luri ۏریشںم (örişəm) and Old Armenian loanword ապրիշում (aprišum, “silk”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔab.ɾeː.ˈʃam/, /ʔab.ɾeː.ˈʃum/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃǽm], [ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃʊ́m]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃǽm], [ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃʊ́m]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃǽm], [ʔäb.ɾeː.ʃúm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæb.ɹiː.ʃǽm], [ʔæb.ɹiː.ʃóm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäb.ɾe.ʃím]

Readings
Classical reading^?	abrēšam, abrēšum
Dari reading^?	abrēšam, abrēšum
Iranian reading^?	abrišam, abrišom
Tajik reading^?	abrešim

Noun


Iranian Persian	ابریشم
Dari	ابریشم
Tajik	абрешим

ابریشم • (abrišam, abrišom)

silk

Derived terms

ابریشم‌بافی (abrišam-bâfi)
ابریشمی (abrišami)
ابریشمین (abrišamin)
راه ابریشم (râh-e abrišam)
کرم ابریشم (kerm-e abrišam)

Descendants

→ Arabic: إِبْرَيْسَم (ʔibraysam)
→ Bengali: রেশম (reśom)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: रेशम (reśam)

Urdu: ریشم (rešam)
→ Khalaj: bêşimi
→ Old Georgian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi) (or from the Middle Persian ancestor)
- Georgian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi)
  - → Bats: აფშრულ (apšrul)
  - → Mingrelian: აბრეშუმი (abrešumi), არეშუმი (arešumi), არუშუმი (arušumi)
  - → Svan: აბრეშუ̂იმ (abrešûim)
→ Ottoman Turkish: ابرشیم (ibrişim)
- Turkish: ibrişim
- → Bulgarian: ибриши́м (ibriším)
- → Macedonian: и́бришим (íbrišim)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ибрѝшим
  Latin script: ibrìšim
→ Sylheti: ꠞꠦꠡꠝ (reśom)
→ Udi: абришӏум (abriš:um)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “abrēšom”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 4