بدرقه

• بدلقه (bedleka)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بدرقه (badraqa, “escort, company”).

بدرقه • (bedreka or bedraka) (definite accusative بدرقه‌یی (bedrekayı, bedrakayı), plural بدرقه‌لر (bedrekalar, bedrakalar))

1. guide, conductor, a person who leads people, especially travelers, sportspeople, or tourists, through unknown or unfamiliar locations

   Synonyms: دلیل (delil), رهبر (rehber), قلاغوز (kılağuz)

2. (religion) spiritual guide, religious master, someone who teaches religious precepts or gives advice to a less experienced person

   Synonym: مرشد (mürşid)

• Turkish: bedreka

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bedreka”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 524
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “bedreka”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 97
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بدرقه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 256
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Dux”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 440
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بدرقه”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 729
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بدرقه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 347

Borrowed from Turkic, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *badrak (“banner, flag”) which escorts the convoy.^[1]

بدرقه • (badraqe)

1. escort, company (sending someone off on the road)
   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 328”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[7]:

     همتم بدرقهٔ راه کن ای طایر قدس
     که دراز است ره مقصد و من نوسفرم

     himmat-am badraqa-yi rāh kun ay tāyir-i quds
     ki darāz ast rah-i maqsad u man nawsafar-am

     Make your high-mindedness my escort on the road, o sacred bird,
     For the way to the destination is long, and I am a man new to travel.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

• → Ottoman Turkish: بدرقه (bedreka, bedraka), بدلقه (bedleka)
  • Turkish: bedreka