جهود

See also: جحود

Persian

Alternative forms

(Colloquial Tehrani) جوهود (juhud)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yhwt' /⁠jahūd⁠/, “Jew”). Compare Mazanderani جهود (jehud).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.ˈhuːd/, /d͡ʒu.ˈhuːd/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒo̞.ɦóːd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊ.wóːd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒu.wʊ́ːd̪̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒo.ɦúːd̪̥]
- (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuː.ɦúːd̪̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒu.ɦúd̪]

Readings
Classical reading^?	jahūd, juhūd
Dari reading^?	johōd
Iranian reading^?	johud
Tajik reading^?	juhud

Noun

جهود • (juhūd, jahūd / johud) (plural جهودان (juhūdān, jahūdān / johudân), or جهودها (juhūd-hā, jahūd-hā / johud-hâ), Tajik spelling ҷуҳуд)

(now offensive, ethnic slur) Jew; (as a slur) yid, kike
Synonyms: یهود (yahud), کلیمی (kalimi)
- c. 1126, Abū'l-Fażl Rašīd-ud-Dīn Maybudī, کشف الاسرار و عدة الابرار‎^[1]:
  و مفسران گفتند این آن گه بود که مصطفی در مدینه شد و جهودان مدینه را بر دین اسلام خواند، و طمع در اسلام ایشان بست و همچنین جماعتی از انصار بودند در مدینه که ایشان را با جهودان نزدیکی بود […]
  u mufassirān guftand īn ān gah būd ki mustafā dar madīna šud u juhūdān-i madīna rā bar dīn-i islām xwānd, u tam' dar islām-i ēšān bast u hamčunīn jamā'atē az ansār būdand dar madīna ki ēšān rā bā juhūdān nazdīkī būd […]
  And the exegetes said this is when Muṣṭafā [Muhammad] went to Medina, called the Jews of Medina to the religion of Islam, and hoped for their conversion, and in addition, there was a group of Anṣār [converted local Arabs] in Medina who were close to the Jews […]
  (Classical Persian transliteration)

Usage notes

While perhaps standard in Classical Persian, current usage of this word is offensive.

Descendants

Judeo-Tat: çuhur
- ⇒ Judeo-Tat: çuhuri
  - → English: Juhuri, Juwuri
→ Azerbaijani: cuhud
→ Middle Armenian: ջհուտ (ǰhut), ջհուդ (ǰhud), ջֆուտ (ǰfut)
- Armenian: ջհուդ (ǰhud)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: जहूद (jahūd)

Urdu: جَہُود (jahūd)
→ Kipchak: ǵuhut
→ Ottoman Turkish: چفوت (çıfut), چفود (çıfud)
- Turkish: Çıfıt
- → Aromanian: cifut
- → Albanian: çifut
- → Bulgarian: чифу́т (čifút)
- → Czech: Čifut
- → Greek: τσιφούτης (tsifoútis)
- → Romanian: ciufut
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Latin script: Čìfutin
  Cyrillic script: Чѝфутин
- → Slovene: Čífut

Adjective

جهود • (juhūd, jahūd / johud) (Tajik spelling ҷуҳуд)

(now offensive, see above) Jewish

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “ǰahūd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
“جهود”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2025