جوهر
Arabic
Etymology
From Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d͡ʒaw.har/
Noun
جَوْهَر • (jawhar) m (collective, singulative جَوْهَرَة f (jawhara), plural جَوَاهِر (jawāhir))
- jewel(s)
- precious stone(s)
- pearl(s)
- gem(s), gemstone(s)
- any stone from which one may extract a profit
- precious ore
- veins of marble
Declension
| collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | جَوْهَر jawhar |
الْجَوْهَر al-jawhar |
جَوْهَر jawhar |
| nominative | جَوْهَرٌ jawharun |
الْجَوْهَرُ al-jawharu |
جَوْهَرُ jawharu |
| accusative | جَوْهَرًا jawharan |
الْجَوْهَرَ al-jawhara |
جَوْهَرَ jawhara |
| genitive | جَوْهَرٍ jawharin |
الْجَوْهَرِ al-jawhari |
جَوْهَرِ jawhari |
| singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | جَوْهَرَة jawhara |
الْجَوْهَرَة al-jawhara |
جَوْهَرَة jawharat |
| nominative | جَوْهَرَةٌ jawharatun |
الْجَوْهَرَةُ al-jawharatu |
جَوْهَرَةُ jawharatu |
| accusative | جَوْهَرَةً jawharatan |
الْجَوْهَرَةَ al-jawharata |
جَوْهَرَةَ jawharata |
| genitive | جَوْهَرَةٍ jawharatin |
الْجَوْهَرَةِ al-jawharati |
جَوْهَرَةِ jawharati |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | جَوْهَرَتَيْن jawharatayn |
الْجَوْهَرَتَيْن al-jawharatayn |
جَوْهَرَتَيْ jawharatay |
| nominative | جَوْهَرَتَانِ jawharatāni |
الْجَوْهَرَتَانِ al-jawharatāni |
جَوْهَرَتَا jawharatā |
| accusative | جَوْهَرَتَيْنِ jawharatayni |
الْجَوْهَرَتَيْنِ al-jawharatayni |
جَوْهَرَتَيْ jawharatay |
| genitive | جَوْهَرَتَيْنِ jawharatayni |
الْجَوْهَرَتَيْنِ al-jawharatayni |
جَوْهَرَتَيْ jawharatay |
| paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | جَوْهَرَات jawharāt |
الْجَوْهَرَات al-jawharāt |
جَوْهَرَات jawharāt |
| nominative | جَوْهَرَاتٌ jawharātun |
الْجَوْهَرَاتُ al-jawharātu |
جَوْهَرَاتُ jawharātu |
| accusative | جَوْهَرَاتٍ jawharātin |
الْجَوْهَرَاتِ al-jawharāti |
جَوْهَرَاتِ jawharāti |
| genitive | جَوْهَرَاتٍ jawharātin |
الْجَوْهَرَاتِ al-jawharāti |
جَوْهَرَاتِ jawharāti |
| plural of variety | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | جَوَاهِر jawāhir |
الْجَوَاهِر al-jawāhir |
جَوَاهِر jawāhir |
| nominative | جَوَاهِرُ jawāhiru |
الْجَوَاهِرُ al-jawāhiru |
جَوَاهِرُ jawāhiru |
| accusative | جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira |
الْجَوَاهِرَ al-jawāhira |
جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira |
| genitive | جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira |
الْجَوَاهِرِ al-jawāhiri |
جَوَاهِرِ jawāhiri |
Noun
جَوْهَر • (jawhar) m (plural جَوَاهِر (jawāhir))
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | جَوْهَر jawhar |
الْجَوْهَر al-jawhar |
جَوْهَر jawhar |
| nominative | جَوْهَرٌ jawharun |
الْجَوْهَرُ al-jawharu |
جَوْهَرُ jawharu |
| accusative | جَوْهَرًا jawharan |
الْجَوْهَرَ al-jawhara |
جَوْهَرَ jawhara |
| genitive | جَوْهَرٍ jawharin |
الْجَوْهَرِ al-jawhari |
جَوْهَرِ jawhari |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | جَوْهَرَيْن jawharayn |
الْجَوْهَرَيْن al-jawharayn |
جَوْهَرَيْ jawharay |
| nominative | جَوْهَرَانِ jawharāni |
الْجَوْهَرَانِ al-jawharāni |
جَوْهَرَا jawharā |
| accusative | جَوْهَرَيْنِ jawharayni |
الْجَوْهَرَيْنِ al-jawharayni |
جَوْهَرَيْ jawharay |
| genitive | جَوْهَرَيْنِ jawharayni |
الْجَوْهَرَيْنِ al-jawharayni |
جَوْهَرَيْ jawharay |
| plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | جَوَاهِر jawāhir |
الْجَوَاهِر al-jawāhir |
جَوَاهِر jawāhir |
| nominative | جَوَاهِرُ jawāhiru |
الْجَوَاهِرُ al-jawāhiru |
جَوَاهِرُ jawāhiru |
| accusative | جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira |
الْجَوَاهِرَ al-jawāhira |
جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira |
| genitive | جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira |
الْجَوَاهِرِ al-jawāhiri |
جَوَاهِرِ jawāhiri |
Descendants
- Maltese: ġawhar
- → Azerbaijani: cövhər
- → Chagatai: جوهر
- Uzbek: javhar
- → Chechen: жовхӏар (žovhar)
- → Kazakh: жауһар (jauhar)
- → Kurdish: cewher
- → Malay: jauhar
- Indonesian: jauhar
- → Malay: Johor
- → Middle Armenian: ջոհար (ǰohar), ջուար (ǰuar), ջօհար (ǰōhar), ջուհար (ǰuhar), ջաւհար (ǰawhar), ճոհար (čohar), ճուհար (čuhar), ճօհար (čōhar)
- → Ottoman Turkish: جوهر (cevher)
- → Persian: جوهر (jowhar)
- → Swahili: johari
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “جوهر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جوهر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “جوهر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar, “jewel, gem, precious stone”), from Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar, “jewel, gem”), from Middle Persian gwhl (gôhr).
Noun
جوهر • (cevher) (definite accusative جوهری (cevheri), plural جواهر (cevâhir) or جوهرلر (cevherler))
- jewel, a valuable object used for personal ornamentation, especially one made of precious metals and stones
- Synonyms: قویم (kuyum), مجوهر (mücevher)
- gem, gemstone, jewel, a precious stone, usually of substantial monetary value or prized for its beauty or shine
- Synonyms: قیمتلو طاش (kıymetli taş), مجوهر (mücevher)
- (mineralogy) ore, rock or other material that contains valuable or utilitarian materials, primarily metals or gems
- Synonym: معدن (maʼden)
- damascening, the art of inlaying different metals into one another to produce intricate patterns similar to niello
- Synonym: قلج جوهری (kılıc cevheri)
Derived terms
- جوهر علوی (cevher-i ʼulvi, “superior essence”)
- جوهر فرد (cevher-i ferd, “atom”)
- جوهر مجرد (cevher-i mücerred, “absolute essence”)
- جوهر چیقارمه (cevher çıkarma, “ore-extraction”)
- جوهردار (cevherdâr, “set with jewels”)
- جوهرلو (cevherli, “set with jewels”)
- جوهری (cevherî, “pertaining to precious stones”)
- قلج جوهری (kılıc cevheri, “damascening”)
Descendants
- Turkish: cevher
- → Armenian: ճէվհէր (čēvhēr)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
Further reading
click to expand
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “جوهر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 544
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “cevher”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 785
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “جوهر”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 192b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جوهر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 451
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Gemma”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 642
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “جوهر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 1685
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “cevher”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جوهر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 691
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), itself from Early Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar), from Middle Persian gwhl (gôhr).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /d͡ʒaw.ˈhaɾ/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒäw.hǽɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒow.hǽɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒäw.hǽɾ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | jawhar |
| Dari reading? | jawhar |
| Iranian reading? | jowhar |
| Tajik reading? | javhar |
Noun
جوهر • (jowhar) (plural جوهرها (jowhar-hâ))
Derived terms
- جوهر سرکه (jowhar-e serke)
- جوهر لیمو (jowhar-e limu)
- جوهر مورچه (jowhar-e murče)
- جوهر نمک (jowhar-e namak)
- جوهر گوگرد (jowhar-e gugerd)
- جوهری (jowhari)
Noun
جوهر • (jowhar) (plural جواهر (javâher))
Usage notes
- جواهر (javâher) is now used as a singular noun for "jewel".