سوراخ
Persian
Alternative forms
Etymology
- From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (swlʾh /sūrāx/) from earlier form [Book Pahlavi needed] (swlʾk' /sūrāg/). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱouH-r-o- and suffix ـاک (/-āk/)
- Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬭𐬀 (sūra, “hole”) (>*ćuHráh), Northern Luri سیڵا (/siłā/, “hole”) and Classical Persian سوله (/sūla/, “hole”) (>*ćuHrákah).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /suː.ˈɾaːx/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [suː.ɾɑ́ːx]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [suː.ɹɒ́ːx]
- (Tehrani) IPA(key): [suː.lɒ́ːx]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [su.ɾɔ́χ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | sūrāx |
| Dari reading? | sūrāx |
| Iranian reading? | surâx |
| Tajik reading? | surox |
Noun
| Dari | سوراخ |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | сурох |
سوراخ • (surâx) (plural سوراخ‌ها (surâx-hâ))
- hole, cavity, bore, orifice, slot
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3533:
- واگشایم هفت سوراخ نفاق
در ضیای ماه بی‌‌خسف و محاق- wāgušāyam haft sūrax-i-nifāq
dar ziyā-i-māh bē-xasf u mahāq - I will lay bare the seven rifts (sins) of hypocrisy
in the light of the moon that suffers no eclipse or waning.
- wāgušāyam haft sūrax-i-nifāq
- (slang, sports) loser
- تیم مورد علاقه‌ات سوراخ شد.
- tim-e mored-e-'alâqe-at surâx šod
- Your favorite team lost.
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | سوراخ (surâx) | سوراخ‌ها، سوراخا△ (surâx-hấ, surâxấ△) |
| definitive direct object | سوراخ را، سوراخ رو△ (surâx râ, surâxo△) | سوراخ‌ها را، سوراخا رو△ (surâx-hấ râ, surâxấ ro△) |
| ezâfe | سوراخ (surâx-e) | سوراخ‌های، سوراخای△ (surâx-hấ-ye, surâxấ-ye△) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
سوراخی (surâx-i) | سوراخ‌هایی، سوراخایی△ (surâxấn-i, surâx-hấ-i, surâxấi△) |
△ Colloquial.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (“my”) |
سوراخم (surâxam) | سوراخ‌هایم، سوراخ‌هام، سوراخام△ (surâx-hấyam, surâxấm△) |
| 2nd person singular (“your”) |
سوراخت (surâxat, surâxet△) | سوراخ‌هایت، سوراخ‌هات، سوراخات△ (surâx-hấyat, surâxất△) |
| 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
سوراخش (surâxaš, surâxeš△) | سوراخ‌هایش، سوراخ‌هاش، سوراخاش△ (surâx-hấyaš, surâxấš△) |
| 1st person plural (“our”) |
سوراخمان، سوراخمون△ (surâxemân, surâxemun△) | سوراخ‌هایمان، سوراخ‌هامون، سوراخامون△ (surâx-hấyemân, surâxấmun△) |
| 2nd person plural (“your”) |
سوراختان، سوراختون△ (surâxetân, surâxetun△) | سوراخ‌هایتان، سوراخ‌هاتون، سوراخاتون△ (surâx-hấyetân, surâxấtun△) |
| 3rd person plural (“their”) |
سوراخشان، سوراخشون△ (surâxešân, surâxešun△) | سوراخ‌هایشان، سوراخ‌هاشون، سوراخاشون△ (surâx-hấyešân, surâxấšun△) |
△ Colloquial.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person (“I am, we are”) |
سوراخم (surâxam) | سوراخیم (surâxim) |
| 2nd person (“you are”) |
سوراخی (surâxi) | سوراخید، سوراخین△ (surâxid, surâxin△) |
| 3rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”) |
سوراخ است، سوراخه△ (surâx ast, surâxe△) | سوراخند، سوراخن△ (surâxand, surâxan△) |
△ Colloquial.
References
- ^ Miller, Corey, Livingston, Jace, Vinson, Mark, Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014) Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran[1], University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 14: “Peisikov (1960, section 25) notes several words with /r/ in the standard language that can be pronounced with /l/ in Tehrani: دیوار 'wall' /dival/, برق 'electricity' /bälɣ/, سوراخ 'hole' /sulax/.”